КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Вариант 1

Контрольный текст

History of Technology

1. The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques, and is similar in many ways to the history of humanity.

2. During the Stone Age, all humans had a lifestyle which involved limited use of tools. Fire, stone tools and weapons, and clothing were technological developments of major importance during this period. The Stone Age developed into the Bronze Age after the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution made possible the development of metal smelting, with copper and later bronze, an alloy of tin and copper. Polished stone tools continued to be used for a considerable time owing to their abundance compared with the less common metals (especially tin). The Iron Age involved the adoption of iron smelting technology. It generally replaced bronze, and made it possible to produce tools which were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents.  Iron ores were much more widespread than either copper or tin.

3. It was the growth of the ancient civilizations which produced the greatest advances in technology and engineering. The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp to aid construction processes. The Chinese were responsible for numerous technology discoveries and developments. Major technological contributions from China include matches, paper, cast iron, the iron plough, the suspension bridge, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the propeller and gun powder.

4. Greek engineers invented many technologies and improved upon pre-existing technologies. Ancient Greek innovations were particularly famous in mechanical technology, including the invention of the watermill. Apart from their pioneer use of waterpower, Greek inventors were also the first to experiment with wind power and even created the earliest steam engine. Of particular importance for the operation of mechanical devices became the newly devised right-angled gear and the screw. Roman engineers were the first to build monumental arches, amphitheatres, aqueducts, public baths, true arch bridges, harbours, reservoirs and dams, vaults and domes on a very large scale across their Empire. Notable Roman inventions include the book, glass blowing and concrete.

Задание первое. Выполните анализ лексического состава текста.

I. Переведите следующие слова:

invention, tool, weapons, possible, development, copper, alloy, tin, iron ore, growth, ancient, ramp, discovery, cast iron, plough, bridge, to improve, watermill, power, to create, device, vault, concrete.

II. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

Stone Age, limited use of tools, major importance, Neolithic Revolution, metal smelting, greatest advances in engineering, construction processes, technological contributions, steam engine, gun powder, on a very large scale, mechanical devices, notable inventions, glass blowing.

Задание второе. Выполните грамматический анализ предложений.

I. Вставьте подходящий предлог.

1. Our office is situated (в) this building.

2. She will come back (к) 12 o’clock.

3. They work (на) this plant.

4. Come (в) the office tomorrow.

5. Tell me (о) yourself.

II. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужные местоимения.

1. (Он) knows about (нашем) research.

2. (Ee) parents live in Saratov.

3. (Их) results are of great importance.

4. Tell (нам) about (вашей) new laboratory.

5. (Их) data are very important for (него).

III. Используйте нужную форму:

a) неопределенных местоимений или их производных.

1. (Кто-то) is conducting an experiment in the lab now.

2. They say, the teacher is (где-то) here.

3. There is (никого) in his office.

4. Don’t tell him (ничего) about it.

5. Do you know (что-нибудь) about this scientist?

b) количественных местоимений much, many, little, few, a little, a few.

1. I have (мало) work to do.

2. There is (немного) sugar left.

3. Only (несколько) students were present at the conference.

4. She has got (мало) friends.

5. Does it take you (много) time to do this work?

IV. Определите функции окончания “s”.

1. Ancient people used stone tools for different purposes.

2. You can read this article in tomorrow’s newspaper.

3. This student begins his independent research work.

4. We know about this inventor’s work.

5. She writes about technologies in ancient Greece.

V. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму прилагательного.

1. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia.

2. This book is (interesting) than that one.

3. Physics is the (difficult) subject for me.

4. Mary is the (good) student in our group.

5. Metal tools were (strong) than stone ones.

VI. Используйте глаголы to be, to have, to do в Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple.

1. When he (to be) a child he used to play football.

2. Stone tools and weapons (to be) of great importance for ancient people.

3. Now she (to have) a lot of information about the history of technology.

4. This discovery (to have) a wide application all over the world in the last century.

5. He (to do) his work yesterday.

VII. Вставьте обороты there is, there are в Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple.

1. … … 20 students in our group.

2. … … a good film on TV  yesterday.

3. … … a lot of important discoveries in Ancient China.

4. How many computers … … in this classroom?

5. Next year … … a new shopping centre in this street.

Задание третье. Проверьте точность понимания прочитанного.

I. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What technological developments were there during the Stone Age?

2. When did iron replace bronze in making tools?

3. What are the most important discoveries made in China?

4. Who created the earliest steam engine?

5. What did Roman engineers build?

II. Спишите и письменно переведите 2 и 4 абзацы контрольного текста «History of Technology»

III. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. История технологии – это история изобретений инструментов.

2. Открытие огня имело большое значение для развития технологий.

3. Египтяне изобрели многие простые машины.

4. Спички, чугун, парашют – это разработки китайцев.

5. Древние греки изобрели первый паровой двигатель.

Вариант 2

Контрольный текст

Early Technologies

1. Technology is the making, usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose. The use of technology by humans began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools.

2. The earliest methods of stone tool making date back to at least 2.3 million years ago. These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to perform a variety of tasks. The discovery and utilization of fire, a simple energy source with many profound uses, was a turning point in the technological evolution of mankind. The exact date of its discovery is not known; evidence of burnt animal bones suggests that the domestication of fire occurred before 1,000,000 BC. Other technological advances were clothing and shelter; the adoption of both technologies cannot be dated exactly, but they were a key to humanity's progress.

3. Continuing improvements led to the furnace and bellows and provided the ability to smelt and forge native metals. Gold, copper, silver, and lead, were such early metals. The advantages of copper tools over stone, bone, and wooden tools were quickly apparent to early humans. Native copper does not naturally occur in large amounts, but copper ores are quite common and some of them produce metal easily when burned in wood or charcoal fires. The first uses of iron alloys date back to around 1400 BC.

4. Meanwhile, humans were learning to harness other forms of energy. The earliest known use of wind power is the sailboat. But more extensive use of wind and water power required another invention. According to archaeologists, the wheel was invented around 4000 B.C. The invention of the wheel revolutionized activities. It didn't take long to discover that wheeled wagons could be used to carry heavy loads and rotary potters' wheels enabled early mass production of pottery. But it was the use of the wheel as a transformer of energy that revolutionized the application of non-human power sources.

5. Medieval technology saw the use of simple machines (such as the lever, the screw, and the pulley) being combined to form more complicated tools, such as the wheelbarrow, windmills and clocks. The Renaissance brought forth many of these innovations, including the printing press.

Задание первое. Выполните анализ лексического состава текста.

I. Переведите следующие слова:

technique, craft, to date back, to aid, discovery, utilization, clothing, shelter, improvements, furnace, to smelt, to forge, gold, copper, silver, lead, ore, wheel, application, lever, screw, pulley, windmill, innovation.

II. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

to solve a problem, the conversion of natural resources into tools, to perform a variety of tasks, energy source, domestication of fire, native metals, wooden tools, large amounts, iron alloy, wind power, to carry heavy loads, mass production, a transformer of energy, printing press.

Задание второе. Выполните грамматический анализ предложений.

I. Вставьте подходящий предлог.

1. This plant operates (c) 1989.

2. They will come back (c) the meeting in an hour.

3. Put all the papers (в) the table.

4. I study (в) Engels Institute.

5. It became possible to use metal alloys (после) the discovery of fire.

II. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужные местоимения.

1. Inform (нас) about (вашей) activities.

2. (Они) study the composition of these substances.

3. (Он) works at the plant since 2009.

4. (Она) will tell (им) about (ее) new work.

5. (Их) computer centre is very new.

III. Используйте нужную форму:

a) неопределенных местоимений или их производных.

1. The nearest shop is (где-то) here.

2. Did you hear (что-либо) about this discovery?

3. (Любой) student can read about it in this textbook.

4. (Никто) should break the rules.

5. There is (кто-то) in the next room.

b) количественных местоимений much, many, little, few, a little, a few.

1. (Мало) metals were used in ancient times.

2. (Много) discoveries were made in China.

3. I know (немного) about this invention.

4. (Несколько) students took part in this experiment.

5. (Много) research work was done by our students.

IV. Определите функции окончания “-s”.

1. Many inventions were made by ancient Greeks.

2. He usually gets up at 7 o’clock.

3. The man’s discovery of fire was of great importance.

4. His working day usually begins very early.

5. He uses different devices in his work.

V. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму прилагательного.

1. Copper is one of the (good) electrical conductors.

2. Old people are (wise) than young people.

3. Peter is the (bad) student in our group.

4. This work is (important) than I expected.

5. He has the (high) mark for the test.

VI. Используйте глаголы to be, to have, to do в Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple.

1. The wheel (to be) invented around 4000 BC.

2. She (to do) this work in two days.

3. They (to be) at home now.

4. She (to have) an exam yesterday. 

5. Students (to have) three classes a day.

VII. Вставьте обороты there is, there are в Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple .

1.  … … large amounts of iron ore in this region.

2.  … … a lot of new information in this journal next month.

3.  … … a monument in this square some years ago?

4. … … a new powerful computer in our lab.

5.  … … a lot of students at the meeting yesterday.

Задание третье. Проверьте точность понимания прочитанного.

I. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. When did the use of technology begin?

2. What was the turning point in the evolution of technology?

3. When do the first uses of iron alloys date back to?

4. When was the wheel invented?

5. What machines were used in the medieval technology?

II. Спишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4 абзацы контрольного текста «Early Technologies”.

III. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Технология – это использование методов для решения задачи.

2. Открытие огня было поворотным моментом в развитии человечества.

3. Преимущества медных инструментов над каменными были очевидны.  

4. Изобретение колеса изменило деятельность человека.

5. В Средневековье люди использовали такие простые машины, как рычаг и шкив.

Раздел 2. Устная речь

Информационные задания

1. Изучите следующие разговорные формы

Let me introduce Позвольте  представить                                   

This is Это

How do you do? Здравствуйте (при первом знакомстве)                            

How are you? Как дела?

Fine, thanks Спасибо, хорошо.

Not at all Не за что

Not so bad Неплохо.

See you До встречи.

I am sorry. Извините.

Excuse me Простите.

It's all right Все хорошо.

It's O'K Все нормально.

Don't worry Не беспокойтесь.

Let me Позвольте.

Let's Давайте.

I don't mind Я не возражаю.

Certainly Конечно.

Sure Конечно.

Yes of course Да, конечно.

How kind of you Как мило с вашей стороны.

May I (Shall I) ? Можно, я…?

Can I help you? Могу ли я вам помочь?

I quite agree with you. Я полностью с вами согласен.

I think so too. Я того же мнения

I don't agree with you. Я с вами не согласен.

This year. В этом году.

Last week. На прошлой неделе.

Next month. В следующем месяце.

2. Изучите слова и словосочетания

To be born Родиться

Origin Происхождение

Nationality Национальность

Citizenship Гражданство

Citizen Гражданин

To issue Выдавать (документ)

Is valid till Действителен до

The only Единственный

To deal with Иметь дело с

To repair Ремонтировать

Two years ago Два года назад

To be married Быть женатым

To get up Вставать

To leave Покидать

To last Продолжаться

3. Возможный вариант рассказа

Let me introduce myself. My name is Maxim Borisov. I was born in Engels and now I am 19. My parents are Russian, so I am Russian by origin. My main document is a passport that was issued when I was 14. The passport will be valid till 20. Then I must change it.

I am not married yet and live with my parents. I am not the only child in our family. I have a sister who is only 12 years old. She is a schoolgirl. Our father works at a plant as an engineer. He deals with electronics. It is his job and hobby. He can repair DVD- player, TV-set, computer and such other things. As for our mother, she is a doctor by education and by profession.

This summer I finished a technical school and now I am a worker at the same plant where my father works. Usually I get up at 6.30. At 7.30 I leave home. It takes me about 30 minutes to get to my work. The working day begins at 8 o'clock and lasts till 5. I have a dinner break from 1 till 1.30. I return home about 7 p.m. In the evening I often meet my friends and we listen to the music, walk down the streets or just sit in a park and chat. Usually I come back home by mid-night. If I don’t go out in the evening I like to play computer games or watch TV.

Контрольные задания

Вариант 1

Задание первое. Дайте ответ на реплику.

1. How are you this morning?  “ . . . . . “

2. Excuse me, may I go out? “ . . . . . “

3. This is my friend Sergey Lavrov. “ . . . . . “

4. This film is interesting. “ . . . . . “

5. Can I help you? “……. ”

Задание второе. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Позвольте представиться. Меня зовут Олег.

2. Как ваши дела? – Спасибо. У меня все в порядке.

3. Пока. До встречи вечером.

4. Я с тобой согласен. Этот фильм очень интересный.

5. Извините, Вы работаете в институте?

Задание третье. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is your name?

2. Where are you from?

3. What's your main document?

4. What's your occupation?

5. How long does your working day last?

Задание четвертое. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Я родился в … году, мне… лет.

2. Я – гражданин России.

3. Мой отец  работает инженером.

4. Его рабочий день начинается в 9 часов.

5. Вечером я люблю почитать книги и посмотреть телевизор.

Задание пятое. Подготовьте на английском языке письменное сообщение о себе, своей семье и работе, с использованием рекомендованной лексики. Объем сообщения – 10-12 фраз.

Задание шестое. Будьте готовы рассказать это сообщение устно.

Вариант 2

Задание первое. Дайте ответ на реплику.

1. How are you? “………”

2. I am sorry, I am late. “………”

3. Let’s go to the cinema together. “………”

4. May I open the window? “………”

5. He is the best student in this group.  “………”

Задание второе. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Доброе утро. Как дела?

2. Извините, можно взять вашу ручку?

3. Не беспокойтесь, он в своем офисе.

4. Позвольте представить моего друга.

5. Могу я Вам помочь? – Спасибо.

Задание третье. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What's your name?

2. How old are you?

3. Where do you work?

4. Are you married?

5. What do you do in the evening?

Задание четвертое. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Я родился в России.

2. Мой паспорт был выдан 8 лет назад.

3. Мой рабочий день начинается в 9 часов и заканчивается в 6.

4. Я – не единственный ребенок в семье, у меня есть сестра.

5. Мой друг имеет дело с компьютерами.

Задание пятое. Подготовьте на английском языке письменное сообщение о себе, своей семье и работе, с использованием рекомендованной лексики. Объем сообщения – 10-12 фраз.

Задание шестое. Будьте готовы рассказать это сообщение устно.

Вариант 1

Контрольный текст

Engineering

1. Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions. Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

2. The term engineering derives from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engineer originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.” Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering.

3. One who practices engineering is called an engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub-disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.

4. The Pharos of Alexandria, the pyramids in Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman aqueducts, and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires, the Great Wall of China, among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient civil and military engineers.

5. Ancient Greeks developed machines in both the civilian and military fields. The mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering. Chinese, Greek and Roman armies employed complex military machines and inventions such as artillery which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th century B.C., the ballista and the catapult.

Задание первое. Выполните анализ лексического состава текста.

I. Переведите следующие слова:

engineering, to design, to develop, to exist, pulley, lever, wheel, bridge, to distinguish, to specialize, construction, range, testament, skill, ancient.

II. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

creative application, to forecast their behavior, under specific operating conditions, fundamental inventions, useful tools, military engines, civilian structures, certain fields of application, particular areas of technology, early mechanical engineering.

Задание второе. Выполните грамматический анализ предложений.

I. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Simple.

1. Our students (to specialize) in many fields of engineering.

2. At that time people (to develop) useful tools and devices.

3. Next year they (to study) new subjects.

4. Ancient Greeks (to construct) a lot of civilian structures.

5. This engineer (to work) in the field of mechanics.

II. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Progressive.

1. He (to read) for the exam now.

2. When he came into the room his son (to do) his homework.

3. We (to conduct) an experiment at the moment.

4. Students (to carry out) their research from 10 to 12 yesterday.

5. They (to test) engines all day tomorrow.

III. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Perfect.

1. He (to explain) just the construction of this device.

2. After we (to do) our laboratory work, we went home.

3. They already (to study) history of engineering.

4. Students (to solve) the problem before the bell rang.

5. You (to finish) your work by 5 o’clock tomorrow?

IV. Поставьте глагол в нужную форму Active.

1. At that time engineers (to apply) scientific knowledge to design and develop machines.

2. They (to forecast) the behavior of this structure before the experiment began.

3. At 5 o’clock tomorrow students (to play) basketball.

4. He (to pass not) his chemistry exam yet.

5. At present she (to specialize) in certain fields of engineering.

V. Выберите предложения в Passive Voice и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The construction of the bridge has been designed by a group of engineers.

2. They were absent yesterday.

3. Engineers designed this machine-tool some years ago.

4. We were shown a new laboratory last week.

5. New methods are being developed in this laboratory.

6. A lot of inventions were made in ancient times.

7. This scientist is much spoken about.

8. They are building a new bridge now.

VI. Выберите правильную форму глагола (Active или Passive).

1. Students (are solving; are solved) a problem now.

2. Such long bridges seldom (are building; are built).

3. This article (is translating; is being translated) into English now.

4. They (have opened; have been opened) a new theatre.

5. He (was offering; was offered) an interesting job.

VII. Поставьте предложения в нужную форму Passive Voice.

1. A lot of useful tools (to invent) by ancient engineers.

2. The construction of a new bridge (to discuss) widely now.

3. Military engines (to construct) before the term “engineer” appeared.

4. The results of the research work (to show) already. 

5. These inventions (to use) in many fields in the future.

Задание третье. Проверьте точность понимания прочитанного.

I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is engineering?

2. What were the first fundamental inventions?

3. What does the term “engineering” derive from?

4. Who is called an engineer?

5. What military inventions did Chinese, Greek and Roman armies employ?

II. Спишите и письменно переведите 1-ый, 3-ий и 5-ый абзацы контрольного текста «Engineering».

III. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения.

1. Машиностроение – это творческое применение научных принципов для проектирования и создания различных машин и приборов.

2. Термин «инженер» появился в 1325 году.

3. Человека, который работает в области машиностроения, называют инженером.

4. Люди придумали такие устройства, как шкив, рычаг и колесо.

5. Много известных строений было создано древними инженерами.

Вариант 2

Контрольный текст

History of Engineering

1. Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

2. The first electrical engineer is considered to be William Gilbert, who was the originator of the term "electricity". The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical engineer Thomas Savery. The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing the beginning of mass production.

3. With the rise of engineering as a profession in the eighteenth century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering the fields then known as the mechanic arts became incorporated into engineering.

4. Electrical engineering can trace its origins in the experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 1800s, the experiments of Michael Faraday, George Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in 1872. The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of electronics. The later inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other engineering specialty.

5. The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering. The development of specialized machines and tools during the industrial revolution led to the rapid growth of mechanical engineering both in its birthplace Britain and abroad. Chemical engineering, like its counterpart Mechanical Engineering, developed in the nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution. Industrial manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created. The role of the chemical engineer was the design of chemical plants and processes.

Задание первое. Выполните анализ лексического состава текста.

I. Переведите следующие слова:

engineering, device, development, field, to incorporate, origin, invention, tools, to accelerate, chemicals, abroad, to demand, need, design, to create.

II. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

applying scientific knowledge, steam engine, mechanical engineer, to give rise, mass production, electrical engineering, rapid growth, industrial manufacturing, large scale production, chemical plants and processes.

Задание второе. Выполните грамматический анализ предложений.

I. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Simple.

1. Engineers (to apply) their knowledge in order to design machines.

2. These inventions (to give rise) to the development of industry in the 18^th century.

3. Mass production of electronic devices (to increase) in the future.

4. The development of specialized machines (to lead) to the industrial growth. 

5. Industrial manufacturing (to demand) a lot of new materials in the last century.

II. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Progressive.

1. I (to play) on the computer when there was a power cut.

2. This time next week, he (to take) his physics exam.

3. We (to listen) to our teacher at the moment.

4. They (to solve) a very difficult problem all morning yesterday.

5. She (to talk) on the phone right now.

III. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму Perfect.

1. I (to do) my homework by 2 o’clock tomorrow.

2. They (to finish) their experiment before the bell rang.

3. You ever (to be) to London?

4. He already (to present) a report on the history of engineering.

5. After she (to watch) the film, she went for a walk.

IV. Поставьте глагол в нужную форму Active.

1. Our scientists (to develop) new methods in this field some years ago.

2. This invention (to give rise) to mass production recently.

3. Students (to conduct) the experiment from 2 to 4o’clock yesterday.

4. We (to read) about great inventors now.

5. Students (to write) a test from 2 to 3 o’clock tomorrow.

V. Выберите предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в Passive Voice и переведите их на русский язык.

1. A new industry was created in the 19^th century.

2. Our engineers created a lot of techniques.

3. This discovery is much spoken about.

4. We were shown a lot of new devices.

5. The work of these scientists led to the development of a new industry.

6. This technology is being widely used abroad now.

7. The experiments have been already carried out.

VI. Выберите правильную форму глагола (Active или Passive).

1. Students (were doing; were done) their laboratory work when the dean came in.

2. The work (was doing; was done) by students two days ago.

3. This fax (was sending; was sent) yesterday.

4. She (will tell; will be told) about this experiment tomorrow.

5. They (have rebuilt; have been rebuilt) the old hospital.

VII. Поставьте предложения в нужную форму Passive.

1. This new device (to invent) in the last century.

2. A lot of mechanical engineers (to train) in our country every year.

3. Specialized machines and tools (to use) in their future work.

4. His project (to discuss) just with his scientific leader.

5. This laboratory work (to do) the whole morning yesterday.

Задание третье. Проверьте точность понимания прочитанного.

I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is engineering?

2. When was the first steam engine invented?

3. What accelerated the development of electronics?

4. Whose inventions gave rise to mechanical engineering?

5. When did chemical engineering develop?

II. Спишите и письменно переведите 1-ый, 3-ий и 4-ый абзац контрольного текста «History of Engineering».

III. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Машиностроение – это область применения знаний, чтобы конструировать и создавать машины, приборы, конструкции, процессы и материалы.

2. Изобретение парового двигателя привело к началу индустриальной революции.

3. Электрический двигатель был разработан в 1872 году.

4. Изобретение вакуумной трубки и транзистора ускорили развитие электроники.

5. Потребность в новых материалах была настолько велика, что новая промышленность была создана.

РАЗДЕЛ I. УСТНАЯ РЕЧЬ

Our Institute

Информационные задания

1. Изучите следующие разговорные формулы:

Excellent (fine, wonderful) - Прекрасно.

I prefer… - Я предпочитаю.

It’s all the same to me. - Мне все равно.

I don’t mind. - Я не возражаю.

As far as I know… - Насколько мне известно…

So to say. - Так сказать.

To tell the truth… - По правде говоря…

Frankly speaking… - Честно говоря…

By the way… - Кстати…

The thing is… - Дело в том, что …

To make it short… - Короче говоря…

They say… - Говорят…

Well done. - Молодец.

Take it easy. - Спокойно, не волнуйся.

That's great - Отлично.

How could you? - Как ты мог…

Mind your own business - Не лезь не в свое дело.

I think so too - Я с тобой согласен.

2.  Изучите слова и словосочетания к тексту.

was established - основан

branch - филиал

full-time (day-time) student - студент дневного обучения

correspondence (extra-mural) student - студент заочного обучения

Dean - декан

general educational chair - общеобразоват. кафедра

graduating chair - выпускающая кафедра

Head of a Chair - зав. кафедрой       

Scientific Council - Ученый Совет

tuition - учебный процесс

scientific work - научная работа

to last - продолжаться, длиться

course of studies - курс обучения

3. Возможный вариант рассказа:

Engels Technological Institute of Saratov State Technical University was established in 1956. Now it is the largest branch of the University. More than 2000 full-time (day-time) and extra-mural (correspondence) students study at the Institute. There are three faculties: mechanical-machine-building, technological and extra-mural (correspondence). Each faculty is headed by a Dean. There are 16 Chairs at the Institute, 9 of them are special (graduating) and 7 are  general-educational. Graduating Chairs train students in specified directions such as Chemical Technology, Economy and Management, Technological Machines and Equipment, Machine-building and others. General-educational Chairs teach all students irrespective of their speciality in such subjects as Mathematics, Foreign Language, Chemistry, History, etc. Each Chair is headed by the Head of a Chair. Each faculty has its Scientific Council, which includes Dean, Heads of Chairs, and some professors. The Council deals with tuition, scientific work and everyday life of students and teachers. The head of the Institute is Director.

The academic year at the Institute begins in September, lasts 10 months and ends in June. The year consists of 2 terms. Each term ends with a session. The course of studies at the Institute lasts 4 years for full-time students and 5 years for correspondence students.

The correspondence students study the indicated material in different subjects, fulfil control works and prepare course papers independently.  They go to the Institute only for sessions. During session students do not work because they come to the Institute in the morning and stay there the whole day. They attend lectures, seminars and practicals in different subjects. Session ends with tests and exams. Normally students take 3 or 4 tests and 2 or 3 exams. After session the correspondence students come back to their work.

Контрольные задания

Вариант 1

Задание первое. Дайте ответ на реплику, используя разговорные формулы.

1. I have already passed all the exams. «-------»

2. What subject do you prefer: physics or mathematics? «-------»

3. When does the academic year begin? «-------»

4. They say, you don’t go to the institute anymore? «-------»

5. It’s easy to learn English. «-------»

Задание второе. Переведите на английский язык, используя разговорные формулы.

1. Насколько мне известно, они учатся на дневном отделении.

2. Честно говоря, я ничего не знаю об институте.

3. Кстати, в этом семестре у нее три экзамена и шесть зачетов.

4. Дело в том, что я не люблю английский язык.

5. Говорят, в этом году сессия начнется раньше.

Задание третье. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Where do you study?

2. How many faculties are there at the institute?

3. Who heads the faculty?

4. When does the academic year begin?

5. How many terms are there in the academic year?

6. How many years do correspondence students study?

Задание четвертое. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Я учусь в технологическом институте Саратовского государственного технического университета.

2. В институте есть факультеты и  кафедры.

3. Учебный год продолжается 10 месяцев.

4. Курс обучения в институте продолжается от 4 до 5 лет.

5. Каждый факультет имеет свой Ученый Совет.

6. Кафедра иностранного языка – это общеобразовательная кафедра

Задание пятое. Подготовьте письменное сообщение на английском языке о структуре института и учебе в институте (10 – 15 предложений).

Задание шестое. Будьте готовы рассказать данное сообщение устно во время сессии.

Вариант 2

Задание первое. Дайте ответ на реплику, используя разговорные формулы

1. What is your favorite subject at the institute? «-------»

2. Let’s go somewhere after classes. «-------»

3. I won the competition yesterday. «-------»

4. I am in trouble and do not know what to do now. «-------»

5. Have you been to the institute today? «-------»

Задание второе. Переведите на английский язык, используя разговорные формулы.

1. Мне все равно, куда идти после занятий.

2. Честно говоря, я не знаю, кто наш декан.

3. Короче говоря, я не посещал лекции по этому предмету.

4. Говорят, ты не сдал 2 экзамена?

5. Не волнуйся, ты сдашь экзамен.

Задание третье. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы

1. What faculties are there at the institute?

2. When does the first term begin?

3. How many terms are there in the academic year?

4. What do correspondence students do during sessions?

5. Who is the Head of the Institute?

6. What does the Council deal with?

Задание четвертое. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я учусь на заочном отделении.

2. В нашем институте 16 кафедр.

3. В институте есть общеобразовательные и специальные кафедры.

4. Во время сессии студенты сдают экзамены и зачеты

5. Каждый семестр длится 4 месяца.

6. В Совет входят декан, заведующие кафедрами и некоторые профессора

Задание пятое. Подготовьте письменное сообщение на английском языке о структуре института и учебе в институте (10 – 15 предложений).

Задание шестое. Будьте готовы рассказать данное сообщение устно во время сессии.