ВАРИАНТ №1

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. It was not so cold as it is today.

2. I know English not so good as German.

3. As light as a feather (перо).

4. As wet as a fish.

5. As black as coal (уголь).

6. This river is deeper than that one.

7. He plays football better than your brother.

Ex. 2. Измените данные словосочетания, используя сравнительную и превосходную степени прилагательных.

a big room

an interesting story

a beautiful flower

a famous singer

a short skirt

Ex.3. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Higher education in Russia is not compulsory. After leaving secondary school young people enter vocational schools, high schools or higher education institutions. The latter include institutes, academies and universities. As a rule, studying at the institute is connected with one sphere of education: technical, medical, humanitarian, military or service. Universities usually offer wider range of specialities. Recently, the following system has been developed: institute – academy – university. That means that each establishment of higher education can change its status which depends on the quality of teaching staff and educational process as well as on the number of faculties and specialities.

Usually the course of study lasts 5 or 6 academic years (and from 3.5 to 6 academic years at the extra-mural department). Each academic year is divided into 2 terms, at the end of each term students take exams. If you have passed your entrance exams well, you’ve got an opportunity to study free of charge. Otherwise, you’ll have to pay for education.

Russian higher schools have a comprehensive curriculum, which includes general-educational and specialized subjects. Students attend lectures and fulfill lab works. At the end of study they take final exams and defend graduation projects.

Higher education in Russia still has some benefits. If you study hard, you can get scholarship and an institute organizes free holidays for its students. There are a lot of student clubs, students have celebrations, visit theaters, cinemas, concerts and take part in scientific conferences. Everybody has the opportunity to get a second education or continue their first, through post-graduate courses that are offered at higher education institutes.

Ex.4. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the term “Higher education” mean?

2. What education institutions are there in Russia?

3. What academy do you study at?

4. What faculty do you study at?

5. Why is higher education so important?

Ex.5. Переведите следующие словосочетания, составьте с ними предложения в действительном и страдательном залоге.

1. bitumen storage equipment;

2. loading and unloading machines;

3. air-operated equipment;

4. earthwork-stumper;

5. towed and self-powered graders;

6. machines for spreading stone and binding materials;

7. preparing asphalt-concrete mixes.

ВАРИАНТ №2

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. The traffic inspector looked through the documents presented by the driver.

2. The Earth moves round the Sun.

3. The research was carried out by a group of famous scientists.

4. She is taking care of her parents.

5. Try to find out the mistakes in this text.

6. I stay to it that product advertising is an important part of marketing.

7. He is looking for a new job according to the study.

Ex.2. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами.

1. A truck is a self-powered wheel vehicle employed … carrying loads and people.

2. Tractors and trucks are the most important and widely used mechanisms … road making and construction.

3. They are used … handling loads, materials and equipment.

4. When equipped … suitable accessories a truck can be used to perform many jobs.

5. According … purpose and design tractors can be classified as follows.

Ex.3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE SIBEARIAN AUTOMOBILE AND HIGHWAY ACADEMY

The Siberian Automobile and Highway Academy is one of the largest in Russia. It was founded in 1930 and had only two faculties. Now there are six faculties at the academy. They are: Automobile Transport, Transport Technological Machinery, Highway Engineering, Civil Engineering, Economical Engineering and Information Management Systems Faculty. Over 9000 students study at these faculties.

The students of all faculties study general–educational and specialized subjects. The former are studied by the first and the second-year students. These subjects are: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Drawing, Drawing Geometry, Philosophy, History and Foreign Languages. Great attention is paid to the study of computers and composing programmes for them. Specialized subjects are studied by the third and fourth-year students, depending on their speciality. There are some specialized subjects common for all specialities. Two such subjects are Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials.

The students of mechanical faculties study Electrical Engineering, Machine Elements and Hoist Mechanisms, Science of Metals and Theory of Machines and Mechanisms. The students of building faculties study such subjects as Building Materials, Building Mechanics, Bases and Foundations, Geology and Geodesy. The students of the Economical Engineering Faculty and the Information Management Systems Faculty study Automatic systems of management, Programming, Book-keeping, Finances and Credit and Economy of Automobile Transport Enterprises.

The Academy also has a Postgraduate Department, Research Centre, Centre of Arts, Scientific Library, Publishing Department, experimental school 149, Sanatorium, Sport and Recreation Camp, and four hostels. The Academy’s computer centre of has been functioning for about 30 years. Today it operates over 200 computers, 60 of which are connected to local nets. The centre also provides the students and teaching staff of the academy with an excellent opportunity to work with such a wonderful facility as Internet. Every year scientific conferences are held here.

Graduates of the academy are engineers, mechanics, builders, economists, and managers, who work successfully both in Russia and abroad.

Ex.4.Ответьте на вопросы.

1. When was our academy formed?

2. How many faculties were there at the beginning?

3. How many faculties are there now at the academy?

4. What are these faculties?

5. What general-educational subjects do our students study?

6. What specialized subject do the students study?

Ex.5. Переведите следующие фразы, составьте с ними предложения, используя времена: Present Simple (Active or Passive Voice), Past Continuous (Active or Passive Voice), Present Perfect (Active or Passive Voice).

To be a full-time student; to enter the institution; to take (hold) exams; to attend lectures; to miss lectures; to pass entrance exams; to get education; to get opportunity; to carry on scientific work; scientific degree; to attain a degree; free of charge; to pay for studying; to get scholarship.

Ex.6. Переведите следующие словосочетания, составьте с каждым из них предложения в действительном и страдательном залоге.

1. wheel-mounted self-propelled vehicle;

2. widely used mechanisms;

3. increase in operating speeds;

4. in various branches of the economy;

5. the future development of tractors;

6. tractors for operation on soft boggy ground.

ВАРИАНТ №3

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие предложения, определите время и залог каждого сказуемого.

1. When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.

2. Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen this film.

3. At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realised that I had made a serious mistake.

Ex.2. Спишите предложения, поставив глаголы в правильную форму - Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. The river Nile ... (flow) into the Mediterranean.

2. The river ... (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual.

3. I ... (not/belong) to a political party.

4. Ron is in London at the moment. He ... (stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually ... (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he is in London.

Ex.3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Construction Machinery, Road-making Machinery, Operations Management and Automation of Technological Processes. The students of the first two qualifications study the types and purposes of the machines, their structure, units and parts. They listen to the theoretical courses of lectures, fulfill lab works, and acquire practical experience in the workshops of the institute and in field conditions.

Each student should study the following types of machinery: transporting facilities (tractors and trucks); materials handling equipment (cranes, hoists, conveyers, winches, loading and unloading machines); earthmoving machines (bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rippers, diggers, revolving shovels, ditchers); stone-processing equipment (boring machines, pneumatic rock drills, stone crushers and mills, screens); machines for preparing, transporting and placing of concrete and asphalt-concrete mixes (mixers, batchers, pumps, spreaders, rollers); machines for motor-road maintenance and repair (planners, ditch cleaners, sweepers, water-trucks); pile driving machines, and repair of the machinery. Each operator should keep in mind that for a long period of use it is wise to have any machine in its best possible condition. It is considered that repairs are only made when occasion arises. The machinery will work properly if when making repairs you replace all locks, lock washers, lock wires, cotter pins and gaskets with new ones. Thereby a great deal of unnecessary work and trouble will be eliminated.

Besides, each operator should know how to prepare machinery for use. He should give the machine a detailed inspection to reveal defects, which have to be remedied before the machine is put into operation; then he fills the fuel tank, taking care that no dirt, water or other foreign substances are admitted with the fuel; then he fills the radiator with clear water, or with the proper anti-freeze compound if temperatures below freezing. Mind, that water without any impurities should be used; then he examines the oil level in the crank case, transmission case and final drive gear cases and if necessary supplies the deficiency.

The students of the faculty have the possibility to get acquainted with:

1. the service and management of technical maintenance of hoist-transporting and utility machines;

2. complex mechanizations of road-construction works;

3. complex mechanizations and management of road-construction works;

4. automation of road-making and construction machines;

5. hoist-transporting machines, and

6. hydro-linkage of mechanization facilities.

Ex.4 Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What qualification do the students of your faculty acquire?

2. What specializations are given to the students of this faculty?

3. What is your specialization? Why did you choose it?

4. What types of machinery do you study?

5. What is it necessary to do for the proper service of machinery?

6. With what machinery do you prefer to work?

Ex.5. Переведите следующий отрывок из текста Components of the Automobile.

Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders, although some four-, twelve-, and sixteen-cylinder engines are used. The activities that take place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages which are called strokes. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust. «Stroke» refers to the piston movement. The upper limit of piston movement is called top dead centre, TDC. The lower limit of piston movement is called bottom dead centre, BDC. A stroke constitutes piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of motion.

Ex.6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на предлог by.

1. This high pressure created by the compressed gases causes the shaft to turn or rotate.

2. Petrolium, or crude oil, is put through a refining process by which the gasoline is distilled out.

3. The method of cooling by water is easy to accomplish.

4. A new car factory will have been constructed by the end of this year.

5. The crank is linked to the piston by means of the connecting rod.

6. The driver can make the car operate by turning the flywheel.

ВАРИАНТ №4

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие предложения, определите время и залог каждого сказуемого.

1. When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.

2. Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen this film.

3. At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realised that I had made a serious mistake.

Ex.2. Составьте предложения в страдательном задоге.

1. The rules … by the teacher (to be explained).

2. I … always … to the party (to be invited).

3. In China rice … with chopsticks (to be eaten).

4. Pushkin … fatally … by Dantes (to be wounded).

5. Another building of University … in the near future (to be built).

6. Look at those old houses! They … (to be pulled down).

7. The construction of the bridge … by September (to be finished).

Ex.3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Construction Machinery, Road-making Machinery, Operations Management and Automation of Technological Processes. The students of the first two qualifications study the types and purposes of the machines, their structure, units and parts. They listen to the theoretical courses of lectures, fulfill lab works, and acquire practical experience in the workshops of the institute and in field conditions.

Each student should study the following types of machinery: transporting facilities (tractors and trucks); materials handling equipment (cranes, hoists, conveyers, winches, loading and unloading machines); earthmoving machines (bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rippers, diggers, revolving shovels, ditchers); stone-processing equipment (boring machines, pneumatic rock drills, stone crushers and mills, screens); machines for preparing, transporting and placing of concrete and asphalt-concrete mixes (mixers, batchers, pumps, spreaders, rollers); machines for motor-road maintenance and repair (planners, ditch cleaners, sweepers, water-trucks); pile driving machines, and repair of the machinery. Each operator should keep in mind that for a long period of use it is wise to have any machine in its best possible condition. It is considered that repairs are only made when occasion arises. The machinery will work properly if when making repairs you replace all locks, lock washers, lock wires, cotter pins and gaskets with new ones. Thereby a great deal of unnecessary work and trouble will be eliminated.

Besides, each operator should know how to prepare machinery for use. He should give the machine a detailed inspection to reveal defects, which have to be remedied before the machine is put into operation; then he fills the fuel tank, taking care that no dirt, water or other foreign substances are admitted with the fuel; then he fills the radiator with clear water, or with the proper anti-freeze compound if temperatures below freezing. Mind, that water without any impurities should be used; then he examines the oil level in the crank case, transmission case and final drive gear cases and if necessary supplies the deficiency.

The students of the faculty have the possibility to get acquainted with:

1. the service and management of technical maintenance of hoist-transporting and utility machines;

2. complex mechanizations of road-construction works;

3. complex mechanizations and management of road-construction works;

4. automation of road-making and construction machines;

5. hoist-transporting machines, and

6. hydro-linkage of mechanization facilities.

Ex.4 Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What qualification do the students of your faculty acquire?

2. What specializations are given to the students of this faculty?

3. What is your specialization? Why did you choose it?

4. What types of machinery do you study?

5. What is it necessary to do for the proper service of machinery?

6. With what machinery do you prefer to work?

Ex.5. Прочтите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы текста.

THE CARBURATION SYSTEM

Since rapid and complete combustion in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is essential the fuel and air mixture must be thoroughly mixed; and further, it must be in the correct proportions for all running conditions of the engine. This is accomplished by means of a device called a carburettor. In this carburettor, a stream of air blown over a jet mixes intimately with a spray of petrol drawn out of it. The jet is inserted into a choke or Venturi in the intake manifold, and is supplied with petrol at atmospheric pressure.

During the suction stroke of the piston, the pressure in the intake manifold is below atmospheric, and air is drawn through the intake and over the jet. As there is a further drop in pressure at the Venturi, the pressure difference produced is large enough to draw petrol up out of the jet and atomise it. The level of the petrol in the jet is kept constant by the float and needle valve in the float chamber, which acts as a reservoir for the fuel. Above the Venturi there is the throttle valve operated by the accelerator pedal, which controls the amount of mixture admitted to the cylinder.

However, this simple form of single-jet carburettor will not give correct mixture strength for all engine speeds. The chief difficulty encountered is that, at high running speeds, the amount of petrol taken up at the jet will increase faster than the increase in air-flow. Therefore a carburettor set to give correct mixtures at low speed will give a progressively richer mixture as the speed increases. To compensate for this, a second jet is provided fed from a well open to the atmosphere and supplied with petrol from the float chamber and since this compensating jet is larger than the main jet, it can supply petrol quicker than the main jet.

Another problem to be solved is that of starting. In order to obtain the rich mixture required for starting, the throttle must be almost closed. As the air velocity is then very low in the Venturi, insufficient petrol is drawn out of the jet. This difficulty is overcome by the provision of an idling jet in the wall of the intake manifold near the throttle valve. This jet will only function when the throttle is nearly closed. When it is opened for faster running, the suction round the edge of the throttle decreases, and the idling jet automatically ceases to act.

Ex.6. Найдите и выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и предложений.

1. полное сгорание;

2. должно быть тщательно смешано;

3. двигатель внутреннего сгорания;

4. поток воздуха;

5. атмосферное давление;

6. контролирует количество смеси, поступающей в цилиндр;

7. резервуар для топлива;

8. поскольку компенсационный жиклер больше главного, он может подавать бензин быстрее, чем главный жиклер;

9. жиклер малых оборотов автоматически прекращает работу;

10.  этот жиклер будет работать лишь тогда, когда дроссельная заслонка почти закрыта.