Работы составлены в пяти вариантах. Студент должен выполнить один из пяти вариантов в соответствии с последней цифрой студенческого шифра (т.е. номер зачетной книжки): студенты, шифр которых оканчивается на 1 или 2, выполняют вариант № 1, на 3 или 4-№2, на 5 или 6 - №3, на 7 или 8 - №4, на 9 или 0 - №5. 

Вариант 1

I.1 Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in Washington?

2. What is the most interesting museum  in Washington ?

WASHINGTON

1. Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. Washington is not the largest city in the United States but in the political sense it is the most important city.

2. Washington has one major business and that business is government. Many people living in Washington work for the federal government. At 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue there is the White House where the President lives and has his office.

3. The capital has world-known art galleries, museums and monuments. One of the most interesting museums in Washington is the National Art and Space Museum. The museum has aircraft and spacecraft that were important in aviation history. There are even rocks that the astronauts brought to the Earth after their Moon landing.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже    предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The library of Congress contains millions of books and manuscripts, including personal papers of the US presidents.

2. Living in Washington you can meet people of almost all nationalities.

3. Millions of emigrants cross the ocean, hoping to find a better life in the USA.

4.Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Continuous Tense (настоящее длительное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visit the Lincoln Memorial every year.

2. They are visiting the Lincoln Memorial now.

3. We met our friends when they were visiting the Lincoln Memorial.

4. The Capitol, with its great Hall of Representatives and the Senate, is the highest building in Washington. There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in the capital. With its beautiful buildings and its tree-lined avenues Washington attracts a lot of visitors.

5.Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие  II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington which is known as an American city without skyscrapers.

2. Many important events have taken place at the Lincoln Memorial.

3. Washington named after the first American President is situated on the Potomac River.

6.Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visited the Lincoln Memorial last year.

2. A group of tourists has just visited the Lincoln Memorial.

3. Millions of people visit the Lincoln Memorial every year.

7.Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Вашингтон стал крупным культурным и научным центром.

1. Washington is a centre of culture and science.

2. Washington has become a great cultural and scientific centre.

3. Washington became the centre of science and culture in the nineteenth century.

8.Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. Washington is one of (beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful) capitals in the world.

2. The population of New York is (great, greater, the greatest) than the population of Washington.

3. Pennsylvania Avenue is (long, longer, the longest) street in Washington.

II. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What laws did Newton discover?

2. Can you formulate the Law of Universal Gravitation?

ISAAK NEWTON

1. Isaak Newton was born in 1642 in the family of poor farmer. The boy began his first scientific experiments at school.

2. While studying at Cambridge University, Newton formulated the binomial theorem. In 1662 Cambridge was closed because of the plague and Newton returned to his native village. For the next two years he devoted himself to scientific experimentation.

3. Newton's great discovery was the law of decomposition of light. The scientist proved    that the white light of the sun is composed of rays of light of all colours of the rainbow. He also discovered the Law of Universal Gravitation which states that “every particle of matter is attracted by every other particle of matter with a force inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart”.

4. Newton applied the principle of gravitation to prove that the power which guides the moon around the earth and the planets around the sun is the force of gravity. Another application of the law of universal gravitation was Newton's exploration of the tides.

5. Newton was highly honoured by his countrymen and in 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society. Sir Isaak Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 3,4.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой  глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Newton (was performed, performed) many experiments with light.

2. When Сambridge (was closed, closed) in 1662, Newton returned to his native village.

3. Mass (is measured, measured) in grams or kilograms.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. My parents want me to become a chemist.

2. He is believed to be a very talented person.

3. Newton is considered to be one of the greatest English scientists.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. To carry out this experiment will take you a lot of time.

2. The experiment to be carried out in our laboratory is very important.

3. He forgot to register the results of the experiment.

6. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое предложения в  Past Simple Tense (прошедшее простое время), употребляя модальные глаголы can ,may, must и их эквиваленты:

1. He must work hard to finish his experiment.

2. I can devote myself to scientific work.

3. You may repeat your experiment.

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no:

1. The Metric System has (some, any, no) advantages over the English System.

2. Do you remember (some, any, no) facts from Newton^'s biography?

3. The young engineer had (some, any, no) experience in such work.

Вариант 2

I.  1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in New York?

2. What is the longest street in New York?

NEW YORK

1. New York is one of the largest cities in the world. It is situated on the Hudson River. In 1626 the Dutch Trade Company bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians for twenty-four dollars. At present Manhattan Island is the centre of New York and its business section.

2. New York is the city of skyscrapers. The highest skyscraper is the Empire State Building. It has 102 storeys and its height is 380 metres. Not far from the Empire State Building is Rockefeller Centre. Rockefeller Centre houses all kinds of offices, enterprises, theatres and music halls.

3. Wall Street is the financial heart of the USA. The National Bank and large offices are situated there. Broadway is the longest street in the city. It is 29 kilometers long. Broadway is the street of the best known theatres and cinemas.

4. The Statue of Liberty greets everybody who comes to New York by sea. Millions of emigrants from all parts of the world cross the ocean, hoping to find a better and happier life there.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Feeling not well she decided not to go to the party.

2. Many people running in Central Park try to get slim.

1. Playing in Central Park children are away from fast cars and busy streets.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Past Continuous Tense (прошедшее длительное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. The children were playing in Central Park.

2. Many children play in Central Park.

3. The children are playing in Central Park.

5. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Most skyscrapers are situated in the lower part of Manhattan.

2. The Empire State Building constructed in 1931 is the highest building.

3. Many skyscrapers are made almost entirely of glass.

6.Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. They built a new bridge last year.

2. The workers have built a new bridge this year.

3. The workers are building a new bridge.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Я никогда не был в Нью-Йорке.

1. I did not go to New York last year.

2. I have never been to New York.

3. I was not in New York when it happened.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. The subway in New York is (cheap, cheaper, the cheapest) means of transport.

2. Wall Street is (important, more important, the most important) banking centre in the world.

3. New York is (large, larger, the largest) than Washington.

II. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What was the boy interested in?

2. Which of Faraday^'s discoveries do you know?

MICHAEL FARADAY

1. Michael Faraday, English experimental physicist, was born in 1791 in a poor family. The boy began to work as an apprentice at a bookbinder^, s shop at an early age. One day a man entered the shop and found the boy studying an article on electricity. The man was surprised to see a boy so interested in such a difficult subject and gave him four tickets for the lectures at the Royal Institutions.

2. The boy went to the lectures and made notes of what he heard. At the end of the lecture he came to Sir Humphry Davy, the great English scientist, and showed him his notes. Davy was surprised. Later he made Faraday his assistant and helped him in his education.

3. Faraday had many important discoveries. Among his works are the concept of the magnetic “lines of force”, production of new kinds of optical glass, and research on electrolysis.

4. Faraday produced the first mechanical motion by means of a permanent magnet and an electric current. This is the principle upon which the modern electric motor is based.

5. Faraday was very modest and he loved his work more than honours. He refused to become President of the Royal Society and also refused to be knighted.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 1,2, 3.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой  глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The unit of electricity “farad” (was named, named) after M.Faraday.

2. The first lightning rod (was invented, invented) by B.Franklin, the outstanding American scientist.

3. At Cambridge, Newton (was read, read) with great interest the writings of Galileo.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. Faraday is believed to be a great English physicist.

2. We consider Tsiolkovsky to be the father of astronautics.

3. Popov is known to be inventor of radio in Russia.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. In 1810 Faraday began to attend lectures on natural philosophy.

2. To study the nature of light and colour Newton carried out many experiments with a prism.

3. The lecture to be delivered by a well-known scientist is devoted to the problems of ecology.

6. Употребите глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени, используя эквиваленты модальных глаголов:

1. He must check the temperature three times a day.

2. In this figure you can see a diagram of temperature changes.

3. He may use a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure.

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no:

1. The book contained (some, any, no) diagrams.

2. Are there (some, any, no) diagrams in the book?

3. We have (some, any, no) information on this problem

Вариант 3

I. 1.  Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How many people live in London?

2. What is the East End famous for?

LONDON

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 9 million people.

2. In the West End there are many famous museums, theatres, palaces and parks. The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. It contains the most important collection of things from Greece and Egypt, including the famous Egyptian mummies. The West End includes Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus and the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street.

3. The Houses of Parliament built in the 19^th century, are the place where the English Government sits. Big Ben is the name given to the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The great bell weighs thirteen and a half tons. Buckingham palace is the home of Britain^’s Kings and Queens. Every day a lot of tourists come to see the ceremony of Changing the Guard in front of Buckingham Palace.

4. The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It is one of those areas of London

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:  

1. The Houses of Parliament, standing on the left bank of the river Thames, are not very old buildings.

2. Being situated on the river Thames, London is also a large port.

3. All around London there are plaques marking houses where famous people lived.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Past Continuous Tense (прошедшее длительное время), и переведите это предложение  на русский язык:

1. They went to Hyde Park last Sunday.

2. Crowds of people were listening or asking questions at the “Speaker^'s  Corner” when we came.

3. They are going to visit the British Museum.

5. Укажите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык: 

1. The City occupied by many banks and offices is the financial centre of London.

2. Trafalgar Square was made to commemorate the victory of Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar.

3. Many famous people are buried in Westminster Abbey.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) и переведите это предложение  на русский язык:

1. Last year I spent two weeks in London.

2. I have just come from London.

3. I was in London two years ago.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Он только что приехал из Лондона.

1. He arrived from London a few minutes ago.

2. He had arrived from London by 6 o^'clock.

3. He has just arrived from London.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. Oxford Street is (popular, more popular, the most popular) shopping centre in London.

2. The City is (old, older, the oldest) part of London.

3. London is (large, larger, the largest) than Liverpool.

II. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.  How old was Lomonosov when he left his native village?

2. When was the first Russian University founded?

M.V.LOMONOSOV

1. M.V.Lomonosov was born in 1711 in the village of Denisovka near Arkhangelsk in the family of a fisherman. At the age of 17 he left his native village and made his way to Moscow. In Moscow he entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. Lomonosov did not finish his last grade, as he was sent with eleven other pupils to St.Petersburg to study at the Academy of Sciences.

2. Less than a year after he came to Petersburg Lomonosov was sent abroad to study metallurgy and mining. In 1741 Lomonosov returned to Russia and began to teach chemistry and physics at the Academy.

3. Lomonosov established the fundamental law of chemical change of substance which is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.

4. Lomonosov founded a new science that we call today physical chemistry. He also studied electrical phenomena in atmosphere of the Earth, the nature of light, and designed an improved telescope. Lomonosov considered nature to be in a state of constant change and development. Coal, oil, etc. were all formed as a result of evolution.

5. Lomonosov was a great scientist. His works in poetry had a great influence on Russian literature. Owing to his efforts, the first Russian University was founded in Moscow in 1755. This university bearing his name became the centre of knowledge and science in Russia.  

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 1,2, 4.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой  глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. In 1745 Lomonosov (was appointed, appointed) a professor at the Academy of Sciences.

2. The first electric lamp (was invented, invented) in 1873 by A.N.Lodygin.

3. In 1911 Marie Curie (was received, received) the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. Lomonosov considered chemistry to be his “main profession”.

2. The air is known to be a mixture of gases.

3. Lomonosov is considered to be a great Russian scientist.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на   русский язык:

1. Lomonosov began to work at an early age.

2. Edison founded an electric company to supply electricity to New York and other places.

3. The experiment to be made by this scientist will give us important information.

6. Употребите глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени, используя эквиваленты модальных глаголов:

1. They must solve a number of scientific problems.

2. She can do this work in time.

3. You may use this method in your research. 

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no:

1. There were (some, any, no) other higher schools at that time in Russia.

2. Can you give me (some, any, no) magazines?

3. They carried out (some, any, no) experiments yesterday.

Вариант 4

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Where is the Kremlin situated?

2. What places of interest do you know in Moscow? 

MOSCOW

1. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

2. Moscow became the capital of the young Soviet Republic in 1918. Now it is the largest political, scientific and cultural centre. The population of Moscow is about 10 million people. There are more than 80 institutes of higher education in Moscow. The Moscow State University is the centre of our educational system.

3. There are many places of interest in Moscow. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of the city. It was built under the tsar Ivan III in the fifteenth century. Moscow is famous for its theatres and museums. The Bolshoi and Maly theatres, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublev Museum and others are well known all over the world.

4. The Moscow Metro is comfortable and very fast. The first line of the Moscow Metro was constructed in 1935. Since that time Muscovites have built many new lines and terminals.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I)  является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его  на русский   язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of Moscow.

 2. Being a large cultural  centre Moscow attracts a lot of tourists.

 3.Facing Pushkin Square there is the cinema-house “Pushkinsky” built in 1961.

 4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Future Continuous Tense (будущее длительное время), и переведите это предложение   на русский язык:

1. They were visiting the Tretyakov Gallery when we met them.

2. They are visiting the Tretyakov Gallery now.

3. They will be visiting the Tretyakov Gallery between two and four o^'clock.

5. Укажите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. They have lived in Moscow since 1985.

2. Moscow founded by Yuri Dolgoruky is one of the oldest Russian cities.

3. The towers along the Kremlin wall were built in the 15^th century.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) и переведите это предложении на русский язык:

1. They have never been to Moscow.

2. They visited Moscow last summer.

3. They were in Moscow two years ago.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Они уже побывали в Третьяковской галерее.

1. They often visit the Tretyakov Gallery.

2. They visited the Tretyakov Gallery last Sunday.

3. They have already visited the Tretyakov Gallery.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. The Kremlin is (great, greater, the greatest) monument of Russian culture and art.

2. Moscow is (large, larger, the largest) than Tyumen.

3. The Bolshoi and Maly theatres are (famous, more famous, the most famous) theatres in Moscow.

II. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.  What did Mendeleev discover?

2.  What fields of science do his works embrace?

DMITRY MENDELEEV

1. D.I. Mendeleev was born in 1834 at Tobolsk in the family of the director of the town gymnasium. He received his secondary education at Tobolsk and then entered the Petersburg Pedagogical Institute. After graduation he worked as a teacher for two years.

2. In 1859 he presented his thesis, received his master^'s degree and went abroad on a two-year scientific commission. Upon his return to Russia he was elected professor of the Petersburg University, where he carried on his scientific and pedagogical activity for 23 years.

3. In 1906 he issued a book under the title Contribution to the Knowledge of Russia which contained thoughts of the further development of Russian industry and economy. The greatest result of Mendeleev^'s creative effort was the discovery of the Periodic Table of Elements.

4. One of Mendeleev^'s prominent works is his book Principles of Chemistry in which inorganic chemistry was for the first time explained from the standpoint of the Periodic Law.

5. A great scientist, Mendeleev devoted his life and energies to the progress of his country. His works embrace various fields of science - chemistry, physics, physical chemistry, geophysics.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 1,2, 4.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или пассивной формой глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. At first, the Periodic Law (was received, received) very coldly by other scientists.

2. In 1893 Mendeleev (was appointed, appointed) Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.

3. B.Franklin (was founded, founded) the first public library and the University of Pennsylvania.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. The year 1895 is considered to be the date of the invention of the radio.

2. We consider Mendeleev to be a great Russian scientist.

3. Manchester is known to be the centre of cotton industry.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский  язык:

1. At that time Newton began to think about construction of an astronomical telescope.

2. They made some experiments to prove their theory.

3. The procedure to be followed is described below.

6. Употребите глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени, используя эквиваленты  модальных глаголов:

1. He must illustrate this law by several experiments.

2. They may carry out these experiments at the laboratory.

3. She can study chemistry at the university.

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no:

1. You must dissolve (some, any, no) salt in water.

2. Tsiolkovsky had (some, any, no) money to finance his experiments.

3. Did Tsiolkovsky make (some, any, no) experiments with the centrifuge?

Вариант 5

I. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is Edinburgh famous for?

2. What is the most interesting building in Edinburgh?

EDINBURGH    

1. Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is not the largest city in Scotland. Glasgow, which has a population of over one million, is twice as large as Edinburgh.

2. Even so, Edinburgh remains the centre of the life of Scotland. Here are the administrative centres of the Navy, the Army, and the Air Force, the chief banks and offices; and the famous university.

3. Edinburgh, unlike Glasgow, has no large factories. Publishing is its well-known industry. It has been famous for its printers since the early years of the sixteenth century, when the first Scottish printing-press was set up within its walls. The publishing of books is today a very important industry.

4. Edinburgh is a beautiful city. The first thing you see in Edinburgh is Edinburgh Castle standing on the Rock – the very large hill in the middle of the city. From the top of the Castle there is a beautiful view of the hill and the sea.

5. Edinburgh is famous for many things: its festivals (plays and music), its college of medicine, its museums and libraries, and for its writers.     

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. People living in Scotland are Scots.

2. Being not the largest city in Scotland Edinburgh remains the centre of life of Scotland.

3. Edinburgh Castle standing on the Rock attracts tourists' attention.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого  стоит в Present Continuous Tense (настоящее длительное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visit Edinburgh Castle every year.

2. They are visiting Edinburgh Castle now.

3. We met our friends when they were visiting Edinburgh Castle.

 5. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. They have lived in Edinburgh since 1995.

2. It has been famous for its printers since the early years of the sixteenth century, when the first Scottish printing-press was set up within its walls.

3. Publishing founded in the sixteenth century is well-known industry of Edinburgh.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visited Edinburgh Castle last year.

2. A group of tourists has just visited Edinburgh Castle.

3. Thousands of people visit Edinburgh Castle every year.

7.  Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Я никогда не был в Эдинбурге.

1. I did not go to Edinburgh last year.

2. I have never been to Edinburgh.

3. I was not in Edinburgh when it happened.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. Glasgow is (large, larger, the largest) than Edinburgh.

2. Publishing is (important, more important, the most important) industry in Edinburgh.

3. Edinburgh Castle is one of (interesting, more interesting, the most    interesting) sight of Edinburgh.

II. 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:      

1. In what country did Charles Darwin live and work?

2. What is he famous for?

CHARLES DARWIN

1. Charles Darwin was born at Shrewsbury in 1809. As a boy Darwin loved to walk in the countryside, collecting insects, flowers and minerals.

2. His father, a doctor, sent Charles to Edinburgh University to study medicine. Then his father sent him to Cambridge to be trained as a parson. But Darwin wanted to be a biologist.

3. In 1831 he set sail in the Beagle for South America to make maps of the coastline there. On his voyage round the world Darwin looked carefully at living things in the sea and on land and came to very important conclusions.

4. This is what he came to believe. Once there was only simple jelly-like thing living in the sea. Very slowly, taking hundreds millions of years, these have developed to produce all the different kinds of animals and plants we know today. But Darwin waited over twenty years before he let the world know his great ideas. During that time he was carefully collecting more information. It showed how right he was that all living things had developed from simpler creatures.

5. He wrote a famous book “The Origin of Species”.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 3,4.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей активной или  пассивной формой  глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. A hundred years ago people thought that all the different sorts of living things (were put, put) in this world by some mysterious power a few thousand years ago.

2. Much information (was collected, collected) by Darwin during that time.

3. These hobbies (were interested, interested) him much more than Greek and Latin.

4.  Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. His father wanted him to become a doctor.

2. He is believed to be a very talented person.

3. Darwin is considered to be a great scientist.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. As a boy Darwin loved to walk in the countryside, collecting insects, flowers and minerals.

2. Darwin went in the ship to see the animals and plants of other lands.

3. The experiment to be carried out in the laboratory is very necessary.

6. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое предложения в Past Simple  Tense (прошедшее  простое время), употребляя модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты:

1. He may be in the garden, collecting flowers.

2. I can do this experiment myself.

3. You must study biology at the university.

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, any, no:

1. The students carry out (some, any, no) experiments in our laboratories.

2. Do you know (some, any, no) facts from Darwin^’s biography?

3. Darwin had (some, any, no) desire to study the medicine.