Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 2, необходимо знать следующие грамматические темы:

1. Participle I (Причастие настоящего времени)

Образование:

Participle I = основа глагола + ing: sleeping

Функции:

В предложении Participle I может быть: определением (а) или обстоятельством (б):

а) Определение:

The child sleeping on the sofa is Jack.

Ребенок, спящий на диване, Джек.

б) Обстоятельство:

Reading your translation the teacher found several mistakes.

Читая ваш перевод, учитель нашел несколько ошибок.

2. Present, Past, Future Continuous Tense (Настоящее, прошедшее и будущее продолженное время)

Образование: to be + Participle I смыслового глагола

3. Participle II (Причастие прошедшего времени)

Participle II (Причастие II) — это третья основная форма глагола (первые две формы — неопределенная форма глагола, или инфинитив, и форма прошедшего времени). Стандартные глаголы образуют эту форму при помощи суффикса –ed (т. e. эта форма совпадает с формой прошедшего времени). Нестандартные глаголы имеют особые формы, не всегда совпадающие с формой прошедшего времени (см. с. 109).

Сравните:

Стандартные глаголы

ask — asked — asked

want — wanted — wanted

work — worked — worked

Нестандартные глаголы

go — went — gone

come — came — come

speak — spoke — spoken

Participle II в предложении может быть определением:

The information received was very important.

Полученная информация была очень важна.

Не bought a used car.

Он купил подержанный автомобиль.

4. Present, Past, Future Perfect (Настоящее, прошедшее и будущее совершенное время)

Образование: to have + Participle II смыслового глагола

5. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных

Вариант 1

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in Washington?

2. What is the most interesting museum in Washington?

WASHINGTON

1. Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. Washington is not the largest city in the United States but in the political sense it is the most important city.

2. Washington has one major business and that business is government. Many people living in Washington work for the federal government. At 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue there is the White House where the President lives and has his office.

3. The Capitol, with its great Hall of Representatives and the Senate, is the highest building in Washington. There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in the capital. With its beautiful buildings and its tree-lined avenues Washington attracts a lot of visitors.

4. The capital has world-known art galleries, museums and monuments. One of the most interesting museums in Washington is the National Art and Space Museum. The museum has aircraft and spacecraft that were important in aviation history. There are even rocks that the astronauts brought to the Earth after their Moon landing.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Library of Congress contains millions of books and manuscripts, including personal papers of the US presidents.

2. Living in Washington you can meet people of almost all nationalities.

3. Millions of emigrants cross the ocean, hoping to find a better life in the USA.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Continuous Tense (настоящее длительное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visit the Lincoln Memorial every year.

2. They are visiting the Lincoln Memorial now.

3. We met our friends when they were visiting the Lincoln Memorial.

5. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык.

1. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington which is known as an American city without skyscrapers.

2. Many important events have taken place at the Lincoln Memorial.

3. Washington named after the first American President is situated on the Potomac River.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Many people visited the Lincoln Memorial last year.

2. A group of tourists has just visited the Lincoln Memorial.

3. Millions of people visit the Lincoln Memorial every year.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Вашингтон стал крупным культурным и научным центром.

1. Washington is a centre of culture and science.

2. Washington has become a great cultural and scientific centre.

3. Washington became the centre of science and culture in the nineteenth century.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. Washington is one of (beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful) capitals in the world.

2. The population of New York is (great, greater, the greatest) than the population of Washington.

3. Pennsylvania Avenue is (long, longer, the longest) street in Washington.

Вариант 2

 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the highest building in New York?

2. What is the longest street in New York?

NEW YORK

1. New York is one of the largest cities in the world. It is situated on the Hudson River. In 1626 the Dutch Trade Company bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians for twenty-four dollars. At present Manhattan Island is the centre of New York and its business section.

2. New York is the city of skyscrapers. The highest skyscraper is the Empire State Building. It has 102 stories and its height is 380 metres. Not far from the Empire State Building is Rockefeller Centre. Rockefeller Centre houses all kinds of offices, enterprises, theatres and music halls.

3.  Wall Street is the financial heart of the USA. The National Bank and large offices are situated there. Broadway is the longest street in the city. It is 29 kilometers long. Broadway is the street of the best known theatres and cinemas.

4. The Statue of Liberty greets everybody who comes to New York by sea. Millions of emigrants from all parts of the world cross the ocean, hoping to find a better and happier life there.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Feeling not well she decided not to go to the party.

2. Many people running in Central Park try to get slim.

3. Playing in Central Park children are away from fast cars and busy streets.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Past Continuous Tense (прошедшее длительное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. The children were playing in Central Park when we met them.

2. Many children play in Central Park.

3. The children are playing in Central Park.

5. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите его на русский язык:

1. Most skyscrapers are situated in the lower part of Manhattan.

2. The Empire State Building constructed in 1931 is the highest building in New York.

3. Many skyscrapers are made almost entirely of glass.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. They built a new bridge last year.

2.   The workers have built a new bridge this year.

3.   The workers are building a new bridge.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Я никогда не был в Нью-Йорке.

1. I didn't go to New York last year.

2. I have never been to New York.

3. I wasn't in New York when it happened.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. The subway in New York is (cheap, cheaper, the cheapest) means of transport.

2. Wall Street is (important, more important, the most important) banking centre in the world.

3. New York is (large, larger, the largest} than Washington.

Вариант 3

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How many people live in London?

2. What is the East End famous for?

LONDON

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 9 million people.

2. In the West End there are many famous museums, theatres, palaces and parks. The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. It contains the most important collection of things from Greece and Egypt, including the famous Egyptian mummies. The West End includes Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus and the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street.

3. The Houses of Parliament built in the 19th century, are the place where the English Government sits. Big Ben is the name given to the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. The great bell weighs thirteen and a half tons. Buckingham Palace is the home of Britain's Kings and Queens. Every day a lot of tourists come to see the ceremony of Changing the Guard in front of Buckingham Palace.

4. The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It is one of those areas of London where people from abroad have come to find work. The East End is especially famous as the centre of the clothing industry in London.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ни­же предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Houses of Parliament, standing on the left bank of the river Thames, are not very old buildings.

2. Being situated on the river Thames, London is also a large port.

3. All around London there are plaques marking houses where famous people lived.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Past Continuous Tense (прошедшее длительное время), и переведите его на русский язык:

1. They went to Hyde Park last Sunday.

2. Crowds of people were listening or asking questions at the "Speaker's Corner" when we came.

3. They are going to visit the British Museum.

5. Укажите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите его на русский язык:

1. The City occupied by many banks and offices is the financial center of London.

2. Trafalgar Square was made to commemorate the victory of Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar.

3. Many famous people are buried in Westminster Abbey.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. Last year I spent two weeks in London.

2. I have just come from London.

3. I was in London two years ago.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Он только что приехал из Лондона.

1. Не arrived from London a few minutes ago.

2. He had arrived from London by 6 o'clock.

3. He has just arrived from London.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. Oxford Street is (popular, more popular, the most popular) shopping centre in London.

2. The City is (old, older, the oldest) part of London.

3. London is (large, larger, the largest) than Liverpool.

Вариант 4

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Where is the Kremlin situated?

2. What places of interest do you know in Moscow?

MOSCOW

1. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

2. Moscow became the capital of the young Soviet Republic in 1918. Now it's the largest political, scientific and cultural centre. The population of Moscow is about 10 million people. There are more than 80 institutes of higher education in Moscow. The Moscow State University is the centre of our educational system.

3. There are many places of interest in Moscow. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of the city. It was built under the tzar Ivan III in the fifteenth century. Moscow is famous for its theatres and museums. The Bolshoi and Maly theatres, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublev Museum and others are well known all over the world.

4. The Moscow Metro is comfortable and very fast. The first line of the Moscow Metro was constructed in 1935. Since that time Muscovites have built many new lines and terminals.

2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 4.

3. а) Назовите номер абзаца, в котором Participle I (причастие I) является определением. Выпишите это предложение и переведите его на русский язык.

б) В каких функциях употреблено причастие I в приведенных ниже предложениях? Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Kremlin standing on the bank of the Moscow River is the oldest part of Moscow.

2. Being a large cultural centre Moscow attracts a lot of tourists.

3. Facing Pushkin Square there is the cinema-house "Pushkinsky" built in 1961.

4. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Future Continuous Tense (будущее длительное время).

1. They were visiting the Tretyakov Gallery when we met them.

2. They are visiting the Tretyakov Gallery now.

3. They will be visiting the Tretyakov Gallery between two and four o'clock.

5. Назовите номер предложения, в котором Participle II (причастие II) является определением, и переведите это предложение на русский язык.

1. They have lived in Moscow since 1985.

2. Moscow founded by Yuri Dolgoruky is one of the oldest Russian cities.

3. The towers along the Kremlin wall were built in the 15th century.

6. Назовите номер предложения, глагол-сказуемое которого стоит в Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время), и переведите это предложение на русский язык:

1. They have never been to Moscow.

2. They visited Moscow last summer.

3. They were in Moscow two years ago.

7. Назовите номер предложения, эквивалентного данному русскому предложению:

Они уже побывали в Третьяковской галерее.

1. They often visit the Tretyakov Gallery.

2. They visited the Tretyakov Gallery last Sunday.

3. They have already visited the Tretyakov Gallery.

8. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения:

1. The Kremlin is (great, greater, the greatest) monument of Russian culture and art.

2. Red Square is (beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful) place in Moscow.

3. Kiev is (old, older, the oldest) than Moscow.

Vocabulary

1.   manuscript - рукопись

2.   skyscraper  - небоскреб

3.   enterprise  - предприятие

4.   to get slim - похудеть

5.   Egyptian mummies - египетские мумии

6.   Changing the Guard - смена караула

7.   the Houses of Parliament - здание парламента

8.   the "Speaker's Corner" - Уголок ораторов

9.   Westminster Abbey  - Вестминстерское аббатство

10.  to commemorate the victory — праздновать (отмечать) победу

11.  plaque - мемориальная доска

12.  tower — башня