Контрольные задания составлены в пяти вариантах. Номер варианта следует выбирать в соответствии с первой буквой фамилии студента.

Контрольная работа №1 

Вариант 1

I.  Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите    определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.

1) nation                      a) the transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control

2) industry                   b) the group of people who govern a country or state

3) government            c)the production of goods, especially those made   in factories 

4) stake                       d) the large-scale production of goods

5) inflation                   e) dishonest, illegal or immoral behavior, especially from someone with power

6) surplus                     f) the use of money to get a profit or to make a business activity successful

7) privatization            g) a situation in which there are a lot of problems that must be dealt with quickly

8) investment              h) a country, considered especially in relation to its people and its social or economic structure

9) crisis                       i) a share or an interest in an enterprise, especially a financial share

10) corruption             j) an amount of something that is more than what is used or needed

II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

1. Europe began to take data protection seriously over fifteen years ago.

2. Today designers can make or break car companies.

3. India’s IT industry is growing at an incredible rate.

III. В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную  форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. More than half a million new businesses are created each year in America  alone.

2. Certainly, the cost of entering the market has gone up.

3. The average age of the population will rise in the future.

IV.   В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.   

1. Monopolies may exist at the local level because of geographic location

2. There should be strong stimulus which motivates the personnel to search  new.

3. Companies have to follow certain rules when advertising their products.

V. В следующих предложениях  подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2 Переведите предложения на русский язык.  

1. To end the contract, one month’s written notice (by post not e-mail) is  required.

2. Politeness can help to improve the working environment for people in the same office.

3. Job applications are examined and the best candidates are interviewed.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.     

What Type of Economic System Does Brazil Have?

1. Brazil is the largest country in South America, and its economy dwarfs that of other South American nations. Like many nations of the world, Brazil operates a mixed economy that includes characteristics of market-based capitalism, as well as socialist planning. Brazil has a growing mixed economy.

2. The mixed economy of Brazil includes large agricultural, manufacturing and mining sectors. Although some industries, such as railroads and utilities, have been privatized, the government owns large stakes in other industries.

The Brazilian government owns more than 50 percent of Petrobras, the country's largest energy company.

3. Once burdened by high inflation in the 1980s, Brazil has asserted itself in the global economy. The CIA World Factbook reported that the country ran record trade surpluses from 2003 to 2007.

In 2008, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Brazilian economy was an estimated $2 trillion (in U.S. dollars), making it the 10th-largest in the world.

4. Privatization efforts by the Brazilian government in the 1990s brought a wave of investment from the United States and Europe, which contributed to robust economic growth over the past decade. In addition, prudent monetary and fiscal policy measures shielded Brazil from the worst of the global financial crisis of 2008, according to the U.S. State Department.

Despite Brazil's economic progress, widespread poverty and government corruption remain problems.

VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже   утверждения (1, 2, 3)

a) истинными  (true)

b)ложными  (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. Brazil operates a free-market economy.

2. Some industries have been privatized in Brazil.

3. The government owns large stakes in coal mining sector.

VIII.Прочитайте абзац 4 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What did privatization efforts by the Brazilian government contribute to?

Вариант 2

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите    определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным:

1)  brand           a) association of two or more persons that conduct a business for profit as coowners                                                                                                                                                    

2) trademark     b) a large company or business organization                                                                                                                                 

3) salesman      c) a piece of clothing

4) cash             d) the making of  goods available for use

5) trade            e) someone whose business is to provide goods  and services to another company

6) supplier        f) the business of  buying and selling goods or services

7) production    g) money in the form of notes and coins

8) garment       h) someone whose job is to help customers and sell things in a shop

9) corporation    i) anything that distinguishes a company’s product   from other similar products

10) partnership     j) a name or design belonging to a particular company, used on its products

II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

1. The American Henry Ford gave two things to the world – affordable motor cars and the production line.

2. There are several ways to measure how developed a country is: life expectancy, education level and real income of the population.

3. We want to increase our market share in Spain.

III.  a) Выполните КОПР №  2, 4.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную  форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Many expensive designer clothes are now manufactured cheaply in Asia.

2. We are looking for a more economical way of heating our offices.

3.  Some companies have found ways to work in a bilingual market.

IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We have to restructure our company if we want to survive.

2. Governments can change employment and business laws to make the market more competitive.

3. Tax on harmful products like tobacco and alcohol should discourage people from consuming them.       

V.   В следующих предложениях  подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2 Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There mustn’t be any barriers to new companies entering the market.

2. Taxes placed on income and wealth are known as direct taxes.

3. Price is a powerful instrument affecting demand in many markets.

VI.  Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.   Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы  2, 3.

A Family Affair  -  Вenetton

1. Benetton Group is a global brand, based in Treviso, Italy. The name comes from the Вenetton family who built probably the most remarkable family venture of the late 20^th century.  The Вenetton clothing line was created by three brothers and their sister in a small knitting shop in Ponzano Veneto, Italy. When their  father died, the eldest, Luciano, left school to work in a clothing store in order to support his mother, a sister, and two younger brothers.

2.  In the mid-1950s Guiliana Вenetton made her elder brother Luciano a multi-coloured pullover. The colours were more exciting than the ones normally used in men’s sweaters at that time. Luciano, who was then twenty and had worked as a men’s clothing salesman in Treviso, realized his 17-year-old sister’s talent. The two siblings sold their bicycle and accordion and scraped together enough cash to buy their first second-hand knitting machine in 1955. And so Вenetton was born. The bright colours in which the original sweater was knitted became its trademark.

3.  In 1965 the Вenetton company was formed as a partnership with Luciano as Chairman, his brother Guilberto in charge of administration, their younger brother running production, and Guiliana as chief designer. The firm’s success depends on a family structure which is now rare in Italy and the rest of Europe. Six of their eleven children also work in the company. However, Luciano has also come to include friends and colleagues in the business once they have demonstrated a solid commitment to the firm, which is why he is unconcerned about the group’s future.

4. The Вenetton Group produces over 110 million garments every year, over 90 per cent in Europe. The Italian multinational company has become one of the  world’s  biggest  suppliers of casual clothes. It is a corporation which has now diversified into banking, supermarkets, sporting equipment, restaurants and Formula One cars.                                                   

VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже   утверждения (1, 2, 3):

a)  истинными  (true)

b) ложными  (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The Вenetton Group produces over 110 million garments every year, 90 per cent in Italy.

2. There are few family businesses like Вenetton in Italy and the rest of Europe nowadays.

3. Carlo, the youngest, supervises the sheep ranches in Patagonia.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац  1 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

Where was the Вenetton clothing line created?

Вариант 3

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10).

Выберите определения  (a-j), соответствующие этим существительным:

1. offer         a) a company or business, especially one which is quite small

2. firm          b) an amount of money paid to a professional person or organization for their services 

3. purchase    c) money that one person, organization, country etc owes to another

4. refund       d) a statement that you are willing to give someone something or do something for them

5. fee           e) the act of buying something 

6. loan         f) money borrowed from a bank, person etc 

7. debt           g) a sum of money that is given back to you

8. corporation       h) a person, team, company that is competing with another

9.  costs          i) a large company or group of companies acting together as a single organization

10. competitor    j) the money that a business or an individual must regularly spend

II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным и переведите эти предложения на русский язык:

1. Exchange rates are determined by supply and demand.

2. Only about 5% of the world’s currency transactions are related to trade.

3. The stock price will immediately rise.

III. а) Выполните КОПР № 2,4.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Rents will be sufficient to cover costs.

2. Successful companies are becoming market driven, adapting their products to fit customers’ requests.

3. These measures were designed to strengthen the company’s market position.

IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Delays in construction could increase costs significantly.

2. The carrier may exercise a lien on the cargo for the unpaid freight.

3. Managers have to measure the performance of their staff.

V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Рarticiple I и Рarticiple II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Workers have to be closely supervised and controlled, and told what to do.

2. The electricity bill may be paid in cash or by cheque.

3. The price of shares has risen heavily today.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите  и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3.

Advertising 

1. Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and persuades  to buy them. Most companies use advertising agencies to produce their advertising. They give the agency a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign and a budget. The agency creates advertisements (or ads), and develops a media plan specifying which media – newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio, television, cinema, posters, mail, etc. – will be used and in which proportions.

2. It is always difficult to know how much to spend on advertising. Increased ad spending can increase sales, but many companies just spend a fixed percentage of current sales revenue, or simply spend as much as their competitors. On the other hand, lots of creative and expensive advertising campaigns, including television commercials that lots of people see and remember, and which win prizes awarded by the  advertising industry for the best ads, don’t lead to increased sales.

3. Advertising is considered to be important for launching new consumer products. Combined with sales promotions such as free samples, price reductions and competitions, advertising may generate the initial trial of a new product. But traditional advertising is expensive, it doesn’t always reach the target customers. This is why the best form of advertising has always been word-of-mouth advertising: people telling their friends about good products and services.

VII. Определите, является ли утверждение:  

a) истинным ( true )

b) ложным  ( false )

c) в тексте нет информации ( no information )

1. Advertising always reaches the target customers.

2. Lots of creative and expensive advertising campaigns don’t lead to increased sales.

3. Companies won’t use advertising in a few centuries.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац 1 и ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What do most companies give to advertising agencies?

Вариант 4

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите    определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.

II.  В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

1. The exchange rate is the amount of one currency needed to buy another currency.

2.  A business plan should prove that your business will generate enough revenue to cover your expenses and make a satisfactory return for bankers and investors.

3. Sales promotion can be directed at the consumer, the trade purchaser or the company's sales force.

III. a)    Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The IMF is based in Washington, DC, USA and is governed by the 185 countries that are members.

2. The market is rising at the moment.

3. These basic principles have been incorporated into national accounting standards in different ways in different countries.

IV.  В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его   эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. People must choose how best to use their available resources to satisfy the greatest number of wants and needs.

2.  Materials can be bought on credit to help finance current expenditure.

3. Business people may borrow money in order to expand their business.

V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2  и укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When drawing up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of the goods.

2. Signing the letter the manager asked the secretary to send it off at once.

3. Games and competitions are becoming commonplace in promoting sales of a product or service.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Письменно переведите абзацы  1,3.

The UK Economy

1. In the UK, the primary sector is made up of farming and energy-related activities. Farming is very mechanized and uses a lot of machinery, producing about 60% of food needs although it employs only 1% of workforce. But many small farms are no longer profitable on global markets with low-cost world producers.

2. Primary energy accounts for about 10% of GDP, one of the highest figures for a developed economy. The UK also has important reserves of oil, gas, and coal. However, this sector is now declining and oil and gas production will fall sharply in the next ten years, making the economy dependent on foreign imports of energy.

3.  The secondary sector has continued to suffer from the decline of old heavy industries, like steel, and the closing of mass manufacturing like the car industry. This has created big job losses especially in the north. Despite government support, the sector has decreased from 20% to 15% of GDP over the past twenty years.

4. By contrast, the service sector is booming, benefiting from its highly qualified workforce and the concentration of expertise in the south –east. It now represents over 70% of the total economy with financial services, computing and marketing contributing 30% to GDP. But the success is very dependent on financial markets, and the recent growth has put great pressure on road and retail infrastructure in the south east.

VII.   Определите являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:

a) истинными (true)

b) ложными (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The energy sector is booming

2. The service sector is very developed. However it is very dependent on financial markets.

3. Future growth will be limited in the short to medium-term.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац  1 и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What are the key industries in the UK primary sector?

Вариант 5

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберете  определения (a-j), соответствующие существительным.

II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните определения, выраженные именем существительным, и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

1. During the mid-eighties, the USA had a large trade deficit with European Union.

2. Greater Manchester is one of the world’s most compact and crowded metropolitan areas.

3. The paper and printing industry is stable, reflecting Manchester’s status as the second centre of newspaper production in England.

III.  a)   Выполните КОПР № 2, 4.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.     

1. Heavy damage from aerial bombing during World War II brought the greatest setback in the history of modern London.

2. Contracts between local purchasing organizations and peasant householders are signed before the agricultural season begins.

3. In different parts of the world many different commodities have served as money.

IV. В следующих предложениях подчеркните модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Any Western firm is interested only in selling what it has to offer.

2. Similar processes were to be observed in the petroleum sphere.

3. The House of Lords may delay certain Bills, but cannot finally Veto them.

V. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle 1 и Participle 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. By the late 1970s farmers were convinced that inflation and continued growth in exports would keep prices rising.

2. The company can buy a sizable share of stock and offer it to the victim, depending on who pays more.

3. Taking into consideration the expanded changes in price, the total turnover of raw materials will increase.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.

Forces Affecting Modern Marketing

1. An important influence in marketing theory is the continuous and rapid change in consumer interests and desires. Consumers today are more sophisticated than those of past generations. They attend school for much longer; they are exposed to newspapers, magazines, movies, radio, television, and travel; and they have much greater interaction with other people. Their demands are more exacting. "Positioning" the product that is, determining the exact segment of the population, and then developing a marketing campaign to enhance the product's image to fit that particular segment requires great care and planning.

2. Competition also has sharply intensified, as the number of firms engaged in producing similar products has increased. Each firm tries to differentiate its products from those of its competitors. Profit margins, meaning the profit percentages made by a business per dollar of sales, are constantly being lessened. While costs continue to rise, competition tends to keep prices down. The result is a narrowing spread between costs and selling prices, and an increase in a business sales volume is necessary to maintain or increase profit.

3. Ecological concerns have also affected product design and marketing, especially as the expense of product modification has increased the retail cost. Such forces, which have added to the friction between producer and consumer, must be understood by the marketer and integrated into a sound marketing program.

4. Even the way a firm handles itself in public life, that is, how it reacts to social and political issues, has become significant. The public's dissatisfaction with the actions and attitudes of a firm has sometimes led to a reduction in sales; consumer enthusiasm, generated by a firm's intentional establishment of a good public image or public relations, has led to increased sales.

VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):

а) истинными (true)

б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. "Positioning" the product - that is, the insistence on reputable products and services  by consumer groups.

2. The public’s dissatisfaction with the actions of a firm has led to a reduction in sales.

3.  Markets tend to be segmented as each group calls for products suited to its tastes.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What must be integrated into a sound marketing program?