Вариант 1 

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.

1) agreement        a) an amount of money that must be paid

2) reduction          b) a person, bank, or company that you owe money to  

3) creditor             c) the amount of money that something is worth

4) value                 d) a decrease in the size, price or amount of  smth.

5) loan                   e) an arrangement or promise to do something made by  two or    more people, companies, organizations, etc.

6) payment           f) an amount of money that you borrow from a bank

7) investor            g) the money that is available to an organization or person

8) cut                    h) help, such as money or food, given by an organization or government to a country or people in a difficult situation

9) aid                    i) a reduction in the size or amount of something

10) budget           j) someone who gives money to a company, business or bank in order to get a profit.

II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово:   

market leader, rules, delivery, online shopping, department, boost

1) Many people use the web for _________ or banking.

2) In formal situations it’s a good idea to follow standard _________ when making new contacts.

3) A company that has the biggest sales or the best selling product in the market is the _______.

4) The company hopes that its new strategy will give sales a _________.

5) Some retailers have found it difficult to guarantee _________ times: goods may arrive late.

6) A ________ is a part of company where people do a particular kind of work.

III. a)   Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The market for digital cameras was researched last year and the findings are reported in the Survey.

2. Prices have fallen in the food business, because of advances in distribution technology.

3. The car business has a serious problem: it is producing too many cars.

IV. a)  Выполните КОПР № 1.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.  Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. American consumers cannot keep spending more than they earn.

2. Tracing the complex flows of funds is often difficult.

3. Congress failed to approve proposal that the two countries would have normalized trade relations.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.       

European Ministers Agree to Loan Greece

1. European finance ministers agreed to loan Greece about one hundred seventy-two billion dollars this week at a meeting in Brussels. Luxembourg's Prime Minister announced the agreement: “After a meeting of at least thirteen or fourteen hours, we have reached a far-reaching agreement on Greece’s new program and private sector involvement that will lead to a very significant debt reduction for Greece.”

2. Under the plan, Greece’s private creditors will lose more than half of the face value of their investments. The agreement also means the country will receive its second financial rescue in less than two years. The new loans will likely let the Greek government make a nineteen billion dollar payment on its debt. Now, Greece must negotiate the terms of its loans with individual banks and other investors. But these creditors will have to hurry. Greece can dictate its own terms once it reaches agreement with two thirds of its creditors. Not everyone believes Greece will be able to repay its loans. The Fitch financial services company cut the credit rating of Greece. Fitch said, it remains "highly likely" that the country will fail to meet its financial responsibilities.

3. The Greek parliament has agreed to the idea of spending and job cuts demanded by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. Parliament must now pass all seventy-nine measures included in a reform plan before getting the rescue loans. Prime Minister Lucas Papademos has said his country has a lot of work to do before it can receive new aid.

4. At the same time, protests continue in Greece over budget-cutting measures. Many Greeks say they have sacrificed enough. But Greece’s EU neighbors are unlikely to release new loans until the budget cuts are in place. The head of the EU delegation to the United States told that the union has learned from the crisis. “We learned a lot about the means that we need to deal with emergency situations. We didn’t have them before. We learned that our governance system was not yet at the right level, and we are in fact changing a lot. There is a lot being changed”.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже   утверждения (1, 2, 3):

a) истинными  (true)

b) ложными  (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The country will receive its second financial rescue in less than five years.

2. Greece can dictate its terms when it reaches agreement with France and      Germany.

3. Private creditors will lose more than half of the value of their investments.

VII. Прочитайте абзац и ответьте письменно на вопрос:

What did the Fitch financial services company cut?

Вариант  2

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 – 10). Выберите определения (а – j), соответствующие существительным:

1) bid               a) a building used for worship in some religions

2) auction        b) used in homes or relating to homes

3) property      c) someone who buys goods and uses services

4) lease          d) objects produced for sale

5) sale            e) more than is needed

6) goods        f) an offer or proposal of a price

7) surplus       g) buying and selling of property through open public bidding

8) consumer    h) something owned, a possession

9) household    i)  the process of selling goods and services for money

10) temple       j) a legal contract granting use of property for a specified period of time in exchange for a specified rent

II. Вставьте в каждое предложение  подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово: 

employees, sales, salary, product, production, cash

1)  There are over 9 million teenagers in Вritain and they are the most powerful  group of __________

2) Jane finds it difficult to survive on such a low__________

3) How do you pay for things you buy:  in__________, by cheque or by credit card?

4) If we don’t get another order soon , we’ll have to cut _________and  maybe  close a factory.

5) One way to inform people about your __________is to advertise it on TV.

6) And you get a special bonus if the company’s _________ go up by more than 15 per cent in the year.

III. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 

1. Unemployment benefits have been given to those who are out of work.

2. The company has been dealing in car sales for many years.

3. Вefore John celebrated his 26^th birthday, he had started his own company.

IV. а) Выполните КОПР №1.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Consumer spending is seventy percent of the economic activity in the United States.

2. Commercial properties face two serious problems: falling prices and refinancing.

3.  After the recession jobs have continued to disappear, though at slower rates.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.  

Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4.

Auction History

1. The word “auction” is derived from the Latin augere which means “to increase” or “augment”. In an auction each consumer makes a bid for the product, and the highest bid wins. The exact date and time that auctions were first organized is not exactly known. Historians agree on one thing -  auctions have been around for a very long time.

2. In the 5^th century, the Greeks held auctions to sell women for the purpose of marriage. The Romans were the first to organize sales of goods at auction. The Chinese used auctions to sell surplus property to raise money for their religious leaders and temples.

3. The  Вritish organized  regular auctions of books and art in the 1600’s. In some parts of England during the 17^th and 18^th centuries “auction by candle” was used for the sale of goods and leasehold. This auction began by lighting a candle after which bids were offered in ascending order until the candle burnt out. The high bid won the auction. In the late 17^th century auctions came to be held in coffeehouses and taverns throughout London. Such auctions were held daily, and catalogues were printed. In the early 18^th century the great auction houses were created: Sotheby’s and Christie’s. English auction is also known as an open ascending price auction. This type of auction is the most common form of auction in use today.

4. Over the years auctioneering has been progressing and changing, and today it remains more popular than ever. Mostly everything can be sold by auction: antiques, household items, automobiles, land, livestock, designer clothes, etc. Auctioning is becoming more and more common on the World Wide Web, and auctioning websites have become very big business.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения:

a) истинными (true)

b) ложными  (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. The Greeks were the first to organize sales of goods at auction.

2. In Вabylon auctions of women for marriage were held annually.

3. Women were auctioned for marriage in the 5^th century. 

VII. Прочитайте абзац  2  и ответьте письменно на вопрос:

Who used auctions to sell surplus property to collect money for their leaders?

Вариант 3

I.  Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения  (a-j), соответствующие этим  существительным:

1. audit         a) a formal written document that is a record of an agreement, especially one relating to a property

2. benefit      b) an official examination of a person’s or organization’s accounts by an expert

3. deed         c) the buying and selling of goods and services

4. commerce     d) a good effect or advantage that something has, for example a product or service

5. labour        e) a sudden large increase in the number or amount of something

6. earnings     f) the money that a person receives for the work in a particular period of time

7. leap           g) work involving a lot of physical or mental effort

8. merger       h) knowledge or skill gained from doing a particular job

9. improvement     i) an occasion when two or more companies, organizations etc join together to form a larger company                               

10. experience    j) the act or state of getting better

II. Вставьте в каждое предложение  подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово: 

a list,    balance,    credit,    return,    share,    staff

1. The ________sheet of a company is worked out from the final accounts.

2. Can you give me ________ of current prices?

3. This company will not accept unconfirmed letters of ________

4. Shareholders were offered 18 pence per ________

5. They retired eight members of  ________  but didn’t replace them.

6. You can expect a 15% _________on this sum.

III.  a)  Выполните КОПР № 3,5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое,  определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Figures show that unemployment has been growing since 1990s.

2. Proposals have been put forward for increasing worker mobility.

3. Experts have been warning of the bankruptcy since the company was founded.

IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 

1. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects. 

2.  American corporations begin to offer entire packages of services.

3. After some hard talking officials decided to take part in a meeting in Geneva.

V.  Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите  и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3.

Takeovers, Mergers and Buyouts

1. Successful companies have to find ways of using their profits. Sometimes they develop new products or services, perhaps to diversify and enter new markets, but sometimes it is easier to take over other companies with existing products and customers. Acquiring a competitor in the same field of activity (horizontal integration) gives a company a larger market share and reduces competition. Companies can also acquire businesses involved in other parts of their supply chain.

2. One way to acquire part-ownership of a company is a raid, which involves buying as many of a company’s stocks as possible on the stock market. Because this increases demand, the stock price will immediately rise. A raid is unlikely to result in the acquisition of a controlling interest. More often, a company will launch a takeover bid. If the board of directors of a company agrees to a takeover, it is a friendly bid. If the company doesn’t want to be taken over, it is a hostile bid.

3. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates, which can lead to a contrary phenomenon: leveraged buyouts. Buyouts occur when financiers consider that a conglomerate has not achieved synergy but has become inefficient, as a result it is undervalued on the stock market. In other words, the conglomerate’s market capitalization is lower than the value of its total assets.

VI. Определите, является ли утверждение:  

a) истинным (true)

b) ложным  (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. Successful companies don’t have to find ways of using their profits. 

2. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates.

3. Companies are encouraged to take over other companies by investment bank.

VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What is a raid?

Вариант 4

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1 - 10). Выберите    определения (a – j), соответствующие существительным.

II.  Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное  слово:

brand, communication, accounts, invested, slogan, sum

1) Monthly salaries of our staff go directly into their_________

2) This type of coffee is the ________ leader.

3) Last month they started their advertising campaign with the new corporate_________

4) New technologies make global__________ easier.

5) He_______ most of his savings in the Stock Exchange.

6) My cash_________ was 300$.

III. а)   Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.  Before John celebrated his 26^th birthday, he had started his own company.

2. The world’s leading gas and oil exporter has become one of the most attractive markets in the world.

3. The company has been dealing in car sales for many years.

IV. a)  Выполните КОПР № 1.   

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив.   Переведите предложения на русский язык. 

1. Banks are interested in keeping most of their money in circulation so that it should bring them profit.

2. In 1913 H. Ford began to use assembly-line techniques in his plant.

3. Many countries in Asia have an absolute advantage in manufacturing  electronic goods.

V.   Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите    абзацы 1,2.

Russia is Taking the Global Step

1. Russian companies moving into Asian markets are often attracted to China primarily for its growth and size. But increasingly they are finding that investment opportunities in Southeast Asia are too good to be ignored and making the move. The future of Russian business will depend not only on Russia attracting international players to its markets, but also on Russian companies making greater inroads internationally. Russian corporates are increasingly taking this step. Only a decade ago it was only Russian energy giants, or resources producers, that had moved into the global marketplace. But more and more, they are being joined by infrastructure and construction companies, machinery and equipment manufacturers and lessors, and Russian mobile telecommunications operators. More Russian corporate players can be expected to follow.

2. When Russian companies step into a global marketplace, they find many of the same challenges and issues that international players coming to Russia find. The laws and customs and systems are different. The Russian companies looking to move into markets in Asia and Europe, and in emerging markets, will need to understand a different business culture and legal framework, and ensure they have good advice on how best to work in that marketplace.

3. The attractions of Southeast Asia are the rapidly growing economies of the region, which have posted strong economic growth as the major developed economies have remained mired in debt and weak demand following the global financial crisis of 2008. I fact, Southeast Asia is projected to grow at a robust 5.5 percent, supported by strong national savings rates, a focus in domestic demand, and an increasingly sophisticated workforce. Beyond the traditional leading regional economies of Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, Indonesia, which is setting ambitious infrastructure investment as the cornerstone of its economic growth plans, and Myanmar, which is coming in from decades of economic isolation, are getting increasing attention.

4. The experience of companies moving into the Southeast Asian market, regardless of the country, has demonstrated the value of developing a very good understanding of the market. It is known that one of the most important first steps is to get good local advice. Not only legal advice, but general advice to assist in navigating the applicable country, political and legal risks. Many businesses and clients try to replicate their business models from home in Asian markets, and sometimes it doesn't work. So potential investors have to do a lot of research into the way things work in the relevant jurisdiction and not just try to use the same business models that have been successful elsewhere.

5. One part of the knowledge acquisition process is about getting effective advice from legal and other advisers, but obviously it also includes making an effort to meet as many people as possible. Japanese companies often open a representative office in the country and spend quite some time just meeting people, talking to people and finding out what the legal climate is, as well as who might be a suitable local partner.

VI. Определите являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения: 

a) истинными (true)

b) ложными (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. Only a decade ago it was only Russian energy giants, or resources producers, that had moved into the global marketplace.

2. Many businesses and clients do not try to replicate their business models from home in Asian markets.

3. Indonesia does not allow foreign investors to own land but it does provide generous leasing rights, and permits the repatriation of profits.

VII. Прочитайте абзац  3 и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What are the attractions of Southeast Asian market?

Вариант 5 

I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберете определения (a-j), соответствующие существительным:

II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное   слово:

resources, recruitment, organization, stuff, finance, personnel

1) The CEO is the head of the _________ team.

2) I'm in charge of training in the human__________ department.

3) We have a________ of 65 in London and about 30 in Paris.

4) We have 200 people on our_________.

5) Our_________ department is responsible for recruitment.

6) You haven't been paid this month? Ok, I'll put you through to the ________ department.

III. а) Выполните КОПР №3,5.

b) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. While the export of capital received further stimulus, the basic strength of Britain could no longer be relied upon.

2. Some industries have been regulated more closely over the last few years.

3. The interests of the European Free Trade Association countries which exports agricultural goods were looked after by means of bilateral agreement.

IV. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

 b)  В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. American consumers cannot keep spending more than they earn.

2. Congress failed to approve proposal that the two countries have normalized trade relations.

3. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац 1.

International Finance

1. Capital movements between countries are classified either as current account or capital account movements. Current account movements refer to payments for imports and exports, as well as the payment of interest and dividends. During any year, a given country will have either a surplus or a deficit of current account transactions. Capital account movements refer to the purchase or sale of securities in one country by citizens of another country. Such transactions will also result in a net surplus or deficit for a given country. A net deficit of both current account and capital account transactions represents the net financial resources that have flowed out of a country; a net surplus represents the financial resources that have flowed into a country.

2. Each country has its own currency in which it will demand payment for net surpluses. Germany, for example, uses marks, Belgium uses Belgian francs, and France uses French francs. The value of one currency relative to another depends on which country has a net deficit to the other. If the United States, for instance, has a net deficit to France, the value of the French franc will rise relative to the dollar. This relative value is indicated by the exchange rate, which represents the cost of one unit of a given currency in terms of another. For example, an exchange rate of 43 cents per mark means that 43 cents must be paid to obtain one mark, while about 2.3 marks would obtain $1.

VI. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3):

а) истинными (true)

б) ложными (false)

c) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1. A net surplus represents the natural resources.

2. A national account is a major account with a nationwide business.

3. The relative value is indicated by the exchange rate.

VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What does the exchange rate represent?