КамчатГТУ, английский язык в профессиональной сфере (контрольная работа №2)
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04.12.2017, 12:38

Вариант 1

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы текста.

THE PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT

Management is a universal phenomenon. It’s a very popular and widely used term. All organizations – business, political, cultural or social – are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs various efforts towards a definite purpose.

Management is a purposive activity. It’s something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain predetermined goals. It’s the process of working with others to achieve the goals of organization, by efficiently using limited resources in the changing world. Of course, these goals may vary from one enterprise to another. For example, for one enterprise it may be launching of new products by conducting market surveys and for another it may be profit maximization by minimizing costs.

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling an organization’s financial, physical, human, and information resources to achieve its goals. Management is the art or practice of running business, money, products, and all the people employed by a company. In other words management is a set of activities directed at an organization’s human, financial, physical, and information resources, with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. In this case ‘efficient’ means ‘using resources wisely and without unnecessary waste’ while ‘effective’ means ‘doing the right things’.

The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and so on. The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading people directly under them. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders.

Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is to make decisions without asking their manager.   

The modern manager must be sensitive, and responsive to the environment –that is he should recognize and be able to evaluate the needs of the total context in which his business functions, and he should act in accord with his understanding.

Modern management must possess the ability to interact in an ever more complex environment and to make decisions. A major part of the manager’s job will be to predict what the environment needs and what changes will occur in the future.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний.

Совокупность видов деятельности; делегировать полномочия; предприятие; обучать; процесс управления; действенно и эффективно; проводить исследования рынка; без расточительства; мудро использовать ресурсы; прогнозировать; быть вовлеченным в управлении; зависеть от положения (должности); право принимать решения и отдавать распоряжения; достижение заранее установленных целей; находиться в подчинении; мера ответственности.

Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

Minimizing costs; profit maximization; to launch new products; information resources; universal phenomenon; to achieve the goals of organization; attainment of certain predetermined goals; to vary according to national culture; to depend on the position in the company; to be involved in management; without unnecessary waste; to lead people; responsive to the environment; purposive activity; to direct efforts towards a definite purpose; at lower levels in the company hierarchy.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. What is management?

2. Why are all organizations involved in management?

3. Is management the art of running business?

4. What are the characteristics of management?

5. Are the characteristics of management the same for every country?

6. What are managers responsible for?

7. What does the amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depend on?

8. What features must modern managers have?

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них причастие I и II, укажите его форму и функцию.

1. Having received a report from a subordinate, a manager must make its analysis checking whether goals have been met or not.

2. The term supervisor can be used to describe a person directing the work of others.

3. When drawing up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of the goods.

4. Games and competitions are becoming commonplace in promoting sales of a product or service.

5. In a modern economy the price system enables a consumer to buy a product he has never previously purchased.

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, вставив нужную форму глагола в придаточных условных предложениях. Предложения письменно переведите.

1. If partners (to have) serious disagreements, the business will be bound to suffer.

2. Everything would have been settled a week ago, if it (to go) according to the plan.

3. If you (to place) a regular order, we would send you the first consignment free of charge.

4. We will have a 20 per cent increase in turnover next year if the market for our products (to expand).

5. If I (to be) more qualified, I would apply for this job.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и определите тип делового письма. Перепишите и переведите письмо на русский язык.

Dear Sir,

I am writing with reference to your range of filling and packaging equipment which was presented at Moscow Agro-Industrial Equipment 2017 last week.

As we are opening a new production line of cereals next year we would be grateful if you could send us your catalogue and full details of your export prices and terms of payment.

We look forward to doing business with you in the near future.

Yours faithfully, …

 

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы текста.

NEGOTIATIONS

Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties, intended to reach an understanding, to satisfy various interests of two people or parties involved in negotiation process. Negotiations occur in business, non-profit organizations, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, and everyday life.                                                  

Negotiation is a complex process connected with both facts and people. It is clear that negotiators must have a good understanding of the subject. They must know well the company`s general policy, initial bargaining position as well as possible fallback position.

However, the knowledge of these facts may not be enough to reach the agreement. The role of human factor must also be taken into account. The approach and strategy in negotiations are based on cool, clear logical analyses. The personal needs of the negotiators must also be considered. These needs might include the need for friendship, goodwill, credibility, recognition of status and authority, a desire to be appreciated and promoted as well as the need to get home earlier on Friday evening.

Researchers who have studied the negotiating process recommend separating the people from the problem. An analysis of negotiating language shows that, for example, indirect and impersonal forms are used. It is necessary to be hard on the facts and soft on the people.

Negotiating language varies according to the style adopted: it can be either co-operative or competitive. Cooperative style is based on win-win principles when both parties want to benefit from the deal. This style is often accepted within one company or between companies with longstanding relations when common goals are being pursued. Competitive negotiation style can be appropriate for one-off contracts when the aim is to get the best results possible without considering future relations as well as risks of the breakdown of negotiations.

In reality negotiations are a complex blend of co-operative and competitive styles. Successful negotiating implies dealing with four main components of negotiations: people, facts, co-operation and competition.

Skilled negotiators are sensitive to the linguistic signals, as well as the non-verbal ones of facial expressions, gesture and behavior, which show the type of negotiating mode they are in.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний.

Судебные процедуры; процесс переговоров; принимать во внимание; общая политика компании; убедительность; возможные пути отступления; диалог между двумя людьми; исследователи; хорошо разбираться в проблеме; выражения лица и жесты; стиль сотрудничества; достигать соглашения; состязательный стиль; знание этих фактов; обоюдно приемлемые принципы; основные компоненты переговоров.

Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

A non-profit organization; the breakdown of negotiations; initial bargaining position; skilled negotiators; to benefit from the deal; a desire to be appreciated and promoted; to reach the agreement; a complex process connected with both facts and people; the approach and strategy in negotiations; to separate the people from the problem; credibility; negotiating language; human factor; to be sensitive to the linguistic signals; appropriate for one-off contracts.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. What is negotiation?

2. Where do negotiations occur?

3. What is necessary to be a good negotiator?                                    

4. What must be taken into account in negotiations?

5. What are the basic negotiation styles?

6. In what cases is cooperative style used?

7. Where can competitive negotiation style be used?

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них причастие I и II, укажите его форму и функцию.

1. The approach to the problem considered remained traditional.

2. Having raised prices, the government failed to create any new profit incentives.

3. Improvements in transport over centuries have extended the size of many markets.

4. The functions performed by a manager (planning, organizing, directing, and controlling) are goal-directed, interrelated and interdependent.

5. The term management could be used to describe people running the organization.

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, вставив нужную форму глагола в придаточных условных предложениях. Предложения письменно переведите.

1. If one partner (to take) a large sum of money from the business and (to squander) it, the others will have to pay the debt.

2. If he (to have) time, he will do this work.

3. He wouldn't have been a successful businessman if he (not to be) a very good manager.

4. Provided the managers (to consider) all aspects of business activity thoroughly, the company would have earned more revenue.

5. If you (to pay) in hard currency, we would guarantee no price increase for 12 months.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и определите тип делового письма. Перепишите и переведите письмо на русский язык.

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your letter of 6th January and the enclosed booklet with bread and bakery goods produced by your company.

We are very interested in the products you offer and are glad to place our first order with you for the following items:

Product

Quantity

Unit

Price ($)

Total

($)

1

Japanese White Bread (500g)

30

3.00

90.00

2

Multigrain Bread (500g)

30

2.00

60.00

3

Raisin Toast Bread (450g)

25

2.50

50.00

Since the above goods are required urgently, we would appreciate delivery within the next seven days. We also want to inform you that we accept 15% discount and terms of payment you offered.

We look forward to receiving your confirmation.

Yours faithfully, …

 

Вариант 3

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4 абзацы текста.

WHAT IS A CONTRACT?

When businesses and individuals interact, their deal often takes the form of a contract between two or more individuals or companies. The purchase of raw materials, sale of products, buying or leasing of land – all these deals usually involve a contract.

A contract is a legal agreement between two or more parties. It defines the responsibilities of each party in the performance of a specified action. Some possible actions are the construction of a new school building, the supply of food products for the students’ café or installing new computer facilities in the offices of the university.

The basic element of all contracts is the agreement between two or more parties. It must be clear from the agreement what is expected from the parties of a contract. The agreement is the result of the offer and an acceptance of it. In other words, the party that accepts the offer agrees to the terms of the offer (which become the terms of the contract) and is ready to take responsibility for fulfilling them. If one party breaches the contract, the other party may ask the court to enforce the contract.

All contracts should be concluded in a written form. There are three reasons for this practice, even when a deal is between individuals and does not involve large sums of money. First, it is a guarantee that the contract is made up properly and has all parts which the law demands. Second, the parties of a written contract know exactly what each of them is required to do. Third, a written contract makes it difficult for either party to deny having made a contract.

Most contracts have standard structure. The major clauses of a contract are:

- articles on legal titles of the parties;

- subject of the contract;

- quality and quantity of the goods supplied;

- terms of inspection;

- terms of delivery and payment;

- warranty (guarantee obligations);

- requirements of packaging and marking;

- claims and arbitration;

- force-majeure circumstances and some other articles.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний.

Покупка сырья; условия поставки и оплаты; сделка; качество и количество поставляемого товара; стороны, подписавшие контакт; условия инспектирования; строительство нового здания школы; гарантийные обязательства; принудить к выполнению контракта; предложение; согласие; взаимодействовать; аренда земли; соглашаться на условия контракта; претензии и урегулирование споров; юридические названия сторон.

Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

A legal agreement between two or more parties; the subject of the contract; installing new computer facilities; force-majeure circumstances; to have standard structure; to take responsibility for fulfilling the terms of the contract; to involve large sums of money; in a written form; requirements of packaging and marking; to breach the contract; claims and arbitration; the contract is made up properly.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. What is a contract?

2. What deals require concluding a contract?

3. What does it mean for the parties of a contract “to sign a contract”?

4. What is “the breach of a contract”?

5. What can the other party do in case of breaching the contract?

6. Why should contracts be concluded in a written form?

7. What is the standard structure of a contract?

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них герундий, укажите его форму и функцию:

1. Economic planning may be employed in societies where property is privately owned.

2. He can’t solve this problem without being given some information on this matter.

3. Most Western countries have experienced a sharp slowing in the rate of population in recent years.

4. Her taking part in the development of the new system was a great help to our company.

5. The name of this scientist became known all over the world for his having made great achievements.

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, вставив нужную форму глагола в придаточных условных предложениях. Предложения письменно переведите.

1. The formalities would have been completed if there (not to be) a legal problem.

2. If we (not to install) new equipment, we will become uncompetitive.

3. In case the market for out products (to expand), we will have a 30 per cent increase in turnover next year.

4. If your company (to produce) over 2,000 units, we would have supplied them in time.

5. If I (to be) you, I would attend this meeting.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и определите тип делового письма. Перепишите и переведите письмо на русский язык.

Dear Sir,

We have learnt from the Russian Trade Delegation in London that you produce for export cotton and other natural fabrics. There is a steady demand here for medium quality goods of this type especially in pale colours.

Will you please send us your catalogues as well as the full details of your export prices and the terms of payment together with any samples you let us have.

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully, …

 

Вариант 4

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы текста.

THE SECRETS OF A PERFECT BUSINESS MEETING

Any deal requires a lot of preliminary work of all sides. Before facing a prospective partner, a supplier or a competitor, future participants of the negotiations have meetings to discuss strategies and tactics of actions. So, they organize a meeting for a suitable time and date. If the matters to be discussed are urgent, they make the meeting earlier than decided. When the situation changes, new information appears to be checked or some important participants of the discussion are absent, the meeting can be postponed. The situation can change so dramatically, that the managers will have to cancel a meeting, so that there will be no discussion at all.

How to have a productive meeting? First of all, there should be a good chairperson who must be a good organizer. What they do before the meeting is as important as at the meeting itself. Besides, it is important to appoint a minute-taker who will take the minutes.

Before the meeting the chairperson should make sure the agenda is complete by asking those involved what should be put in it and then distributing it for everyone concerned. The organizers of the meeting should check the venue, making sure the room will be free, without interruptions, until the end of the meeting. The second important requirement is that the chairperson should be a good time-keeper. He should start the meeting on time without waiting for latecomers and make sure each speaker does not exceed the time allocated for this issue.

It is necessary to make sure that the time is allocated for each point in the agenda and everybody keeps to the time-table. When the time allocated to one point is up, the chairperson should make sure the discussion moves on to the next point even if the issue has not been completely covered or resolved (the agreed decision found and approved).

The chairperson should make sure all participants have the chance to make their point and behave tactfully. The person who runs a meeting should try to avoid digressions when people get off the point. Finally, they should ensure the meeting finishes on time or early.

The third important thing is the so-called follow-up. The accurate record of the minutes is very important, especially for the next meetings: thus you can see what matters arose during the last meeting and need to be discussed and what progress has been made on the action points from the last meeting. Of course, all this is fully applicable to negotiations where the stages of the progress should be recorded.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний.

Откладывать совещание; вести себя тактично; распределять время; повестка дня; избегать отклонения от темы; заканчивать совещание вовремя; организаторы совещания; секретарь собрания; срочные дела; важное требование; контроль хода исполнения; быть председателем собрания; высказать свое мнение; обсуждение; убедиться; превышать время; будущие участники переговоров; вести протокол собрания; отменять совещание.

Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

To require a lot of preliminary work; to run a meeting; deal; fully applicable to negotiations; time allocated for the issue; to wait for latecomers; to appoint a minute-taker; to be a good timekeeper; the accurate record of the minutes; to be a good organizer; to be in charge of all discussions at the meeting; to get off the point; to avoid digressions; to find the decision; to keep to the time-table; to discuss strategies and tactics of actions; to change dramatically.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. Why do businessmen organize meetings?

2. In what cases can the business meeting be postponed?

3. Who usually runs a meeting?

4. What skills are necessary for a chairperson of the meeting?

5. How should the participants behave at the meeting?

6. Why is the accurate record of minutes very important?

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, укажите его форму и функцию:

1. Participations in exhibitions allowed us to promote our products better.

2. Negotiations take place to handle mutual differences or conflict of interests and rights.

3. One of the fundamental decisions to be taken by entrepreneurs concerns the geographical location of their enterprises.

4. To encourage our employers to develop their skills is one of the prime concerns of management.

5. Business companies, banks and large corporations employ their own accountants to examine their accounts and prepare financial statements.

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, вставив нужную форму глагола в придаточных условных предложениях. Предложения письменно переведите.

1. We would have started work on the factory last year if the bank loan (to agree).

2. If you (to put) money in stocks, you would get some profit.

3. The company will achieve a higher sales level if the retail price (to increase).

4. He would not have succeeded in such a risky business if he (not to be) such a clever entrepreneur.

5. If I (to be) you, I would attend this exhibition by all means.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и определите тип делового письма. Перепишите и переведите письмо на русский язык.

Dear Sirs,

Our company Soft Plus is quite new in the region. It was established last year, but in spite of this we have already proved to be professionals and have a number of good reviews. We offer qualified services in software maintenance at reasonable prices.

This month we have a special offer for you and your office equipment with a good discount. Our catalogue and price-list are enclosed.  

We look forward to the pleasure of serving you.

Yours faithfully, …

 

Вариант 5

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4 и 5 абзацы текста.

FIVE REASONS TO START YOUR BUSINESS

DURING AN ECONOMIC CRISIS

An economic crisis is always a terrible time for both a country and the people living in it. Unemployment, inflation, reduction of staff, shutdowns of companies make both investors and consumers feel uncertain about spending money on products or services. While some people suffer from every economic crisis, the others make the best out of their new or existing business.

How are these few making the most of the economic crisis? What do they know that the others don’t? If you’re still in doubt whether or not to start a business during an economic crisis, below are the five reasons you should know.

1. Some things get cheaper. During an economic crisis, businesses sell off most of their products at prices far lower than their original value, so they can have some cash to make ends meet. Great examples are e-commerce companies; they rollout heavy discount campaigns to acquire more customers, since they know that people want to spend far lesser in these times. Having a business, you can take advantage of the low priced sales, and buy important items for your business that you would otherwise have paid high sums for. This way, you cut costs while you achieve more.

2. There are lesser competitors. It’s difficult for many new businesses to startup during an economic crisis, because of the low access to funding at the time. Businesses that would have otherwise given your business a run for your money would have a hard time convincing investors and banks that their business model is recession-proof. Since you know there would be lesser startups during an economic downturn, you should work towards starting up a business that solves a real problem and also has some adequate funds to push it through the crisis. 

3. People are looking for ways to save money. People want to spend little during an economic crisis. The fact that their purchasing power, income, and maybe even their jobs have been affected means they have no financial mood to part with cash on just anything. Knowing this, you could take advantage of the fact that you’re a new company with low expenses, to sell your products and services to these consumers at a very low price. Doing this will not just make them your customers, but would also retain their loyalty to your brand long after the economic crisis.

4. Lower interest rates on loans. During an economic crisis, the central bank begins to lower the interest rates on loans from banks. Local production, lesser importation, and more investments are important to get any country out of a recession, and one way to achieve this is by lowering the interest rates on bank loans. The lower the rates, the more businesses can loan, and the more investments can go into the country.

5. People are looking for innovations. In a recession, people are looking for businesses that can come up with creative ways to solve their problems at an even far lower cost than they currently pay for. Startups especially, are looking for innovative business solutions that don’t just make their business operations easier, but also generally lowers their overall expenditure.

When you build innovative solutions that solve consumer problems by making their lives a lot easier and saving them more money, you can grow a profitable business that would meet the crisis.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний.

Эффективно использовать новый или существующий бизнес; разворачивать прибыльный бизнес; преодолеть кризис; компании, занимающиеся торговлей по интернету; закрытие предприятия; первоначальная стоимость; недавно созданная фирма; предпринимательская деятельность; новаторский; продавать товары по очень низким ценам; конкурент; местное производство; низкие процентные ставки по займам; страдать от экономического кризиса; дешеветь; сокращение штата.

Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

To start a business; to make ends meet; low access to funding; to acquire more customers; purchasing power; a new company with low expenses; to look for innovations; inflation; to lower the interest rates on loans from banks; income; to solve problems; to retain loyalty to a brand; to cut costs; overall expenditure; business operations; to take advantage of the low priced sales; to rollout heavy discount campaigns; to part with cash on just anything.

Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. What problems occur during an economic crisis?

2. Why do e-commerce companies rollout heavy discount campaigns during the economic crisis?

3. How can you take advantage of low priced sales for the sake of the success of your business?

4. Why is it difficult for many new businesses to startup during an economic crisis?

5. What measures does the central bank take during an economic crisis?

6. Why do people look for innovative ideas for their business in a recession?

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, укажите его функцию в предложении.

1. The taxes people pay are used by the Government to cover its expenditures.

2. The market mechanism will determine the price for the goods to be produced by local industries.

3. The purpose of each business process is to offer each customer the right product or service.

4. The employers agreed to accept the terms of pay deal.

5. In order to create a supply of loans, people with the necessary financial resources have to be persuaded to loan.

Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, вставив нужную форму глагола в придаточных условных предложениях. Предложения письменно переведите.

1. If plenty of money (to be) available for loans, the rate will tend to move downward.

2. We would assist you in promoting the product if you (to share) the advertising costs.

3. They would have signed a contract yesterday if they (to be) to the meeting.

4. If we (to install) the new equipment, we would have become more competitive.

5. I will take you out for dinner if I (to get) a pay rise.

Задание 7. Прочитайте и определите тип делового письма. Переведите письмо на русский язык.

Dear Sir,

We hereby inform you that we have received the goods we ordered in a timely manner. However, after we checked, there were several items that are not in accordance with our order and some others were damaged. This causes delays in the delivery of goods to our customers so that they feel disappointed and switch to another company. This is totally unacceptable and can damage our reputation.

Therefore, we hope that you will re-examine the order and replace the damaged goods straightway. We do not want this incident to happen again to avoid disappointment to all parties in future.

We look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully, …

 



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