КузИЭП, английский язык (контрольная работа)
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25.11.2013, 10:27

Контрольная работа №1

Для выполнения контрольной работы №1 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Спряжение глаголов  to be и to have в Present, Past, Future Simple .

2.  4 основные формы глагола.

3. Времена группы Simple, Continuous и Perfect в действительном залоге.

4. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

5. Употребление местоимений it и one.

6. Усилительная конструкция it is … that.

Вариант 1

Задание 1.  Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы. Переведите предложения.

1. He wants to start his own business.

2. The international economy has experienced a basic change lately. 

3. The American automobile designer and manufacturer Henry Ford founded the company about one hundred years ago.

4.  World trade is growing very rapidly.

5. The company will sell more goods and services in May to pay off the loan.

Задание 2.  Переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. We are having a good year and sales may exceed our forecast by 15 percent.

2. In order to increase productivity the producers should reorganize the work process.

3. When a company is small it cannot sometimes enter a foreign market.

4. They have to transport their products by rail.

5. The equipment is to be delivered within 6 months from the date of payment.

Задание 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it и one.

1. According to many employers older workers are more reliable and loyal than younger ones.

2. It was in this country that a large scale production of synthetic rubber was first organized.

3. It is clear to everyone that the development of new technologies is important.

4. One must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.

5. If you need a dictionary, it is on the upper shelf.

Задание 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста.

The Role of the Production of Material Values

1. Man’s conscious labour and his first tools marked the beginning of the establishment of human society. Human beings embarked upon an entirely new way of life, unlike the life led by animals. Animals can only make use of those which nature provides for them. Labour freed man from this complete dependence upon nature.

2. With the aid of his new tools man was able to get benefits from nature that were formerly inaccessible to him. He was also able to change these natural benefits and to make them more useful to himself. Tools of stone and wood made it possible for primitive man to considerably extend his use of material values.

3. Man began to kill large, strong animals and thus added quantities of nourishing meat products to his diet. He learned to work the skins of animals and used them to protect his body from the cold. Man also used his tools to build shelters. It was the production of material values that became the basis of life in human society.

4. As production developed man increased his active influence on nature. He found that he could fulfil his needs more readily through the material values he himself created.

5. The production of material values is not stationary; it grows, develops and is perfected constantly. In order to exist mankind must constantly produce material values in ever-increasing quantities.

6. The development of production is an objective necessity, independent of the will and desire of people. It is a law of social existence.

Задание 5.  Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What marked the beginning of the establishment of human society?

2. Does the development of production depend on the will and desire of people?

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы. Переведите предложения.

1. He was working for ABC when the merger took place.

2. The manager takes major economic decisions in this company. 

3. The health of the world economy will depend greatly on international organizations.

4. Last week the company announced a drop in profits.

5. The government has set a limit on wage increases.

Задание 2.  Переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. All countries can make profits through international trade.

2. The society is to decide how to divide the total output among its members.

3. May we use the trade mark of your company?

4. We had to protect our trademark against counterfeiters.

5. Any economic system must use one or more decision-making rules or methods.

Задание 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it и one.

1. One thing is clear to everybody: one must study hard if one wants to pass one’s examinations.

2. Small towns in Britain differ from the traditional ones in other countries.

3. It’s not urgent, it can wait until tomorrow.

4. It is technological improvements that increase the productivity of labour.

5. The most attractive feature of any science is that it enables us to shape the world.

Задание 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, и 5-й абзацы текста.

David Ricardo and the Theory of Comparative Advantage

1. David Ricardo, the greatest of the classical economists, was born in 1772. His father, a Jewish immigrant, was a member of the London stock exchange. Ricardo entered his father’s business at the age of 14. In 1793, he married and went into business of his own. The young Ricardo quickly made a large fortune.

2. In 1799, Ricardo read Adam Smith’s "The Wealth of Nations” and developed an interest in political economy (as economics was then called). In 1809, his first writings on economics

appeared. These were a series of newspaper articles on "The High Price of Billion”. In 1814 he retired from business to devote all his time to political economy.

3. Ricardo’s major work was "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation”. This work contains, among other things, a pioneering statement of the principle of comparative advantage as applied to international trade.

4. Ricardo showed why it was beneficial for both countries, for England to export wool to Portugal and import wine in return, even though both products could be produced with less labour in Portugal.

5. The book covers the whole field of economics as it then existed. Ricardo held that the economy was growing toward a future "steady state”.

6. Ricardo’s book was extremely influential. For more than half a century thereafter, much of economics was an expansion of or a commentary on Ricardo’s work. Although Karl Marx eventually reached conclusions that differed radically from any of Ricardo’s views, his starting point was Ricardo’s theory of value and method of analyzing economic growth.

Задание 5.  Ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What ideas did the most famous economist Karl Marx borrow from Ricardo?

 

Контрольная работа №2

Для выполнения контрольной работы №2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Времена групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect в страдательном залоге.

2. Инфинитив. Формы и функции инфинитива в предложении.

3. Причастие (Participle I и его сложные формы и Participle II) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

4. Герундий. Формы и функции герундия в предложении, способы перевода на русский язык.

Вариант 1

Задание 1.  Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог, укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.

1. Occasionally workers are discharged when a factory is being reorganized.

2. The "Financial Times” has always been used by business circles for stock exchange data.

3. Structural unemployment was caused by important changes in the structure of consumer demand.

4. When will the new invoice be paid?

Задание 2.  Запишите предложения. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в каждом предложении. Переведите предложения.

1. To own a company is a great responsibility.

2. The owner of the firm does not like to be deprived of his rights.

3. Their income is not rising enough to keep up with the cost of living.

4. Here are the invoices to be paid immediately.

Задание 3.  Запишите предложения. Переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II.

1. The results received were of great importance for further work.

2. In the society there are always some young people searching for their first job.

3. Not knowing the main principles of the agreement the director refused to sign it.

4. Having reduced the price we managed to sell more goods.

Задание  4.  Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия. Запишите предложения и подчеркните герундий в каждом из них.

1. I did not think the business was worth investing.

2. The manager went on collecting data on international trade.

3. It is impossible to succeed in business without advertising its products and services.

4. He insisted on the contract being signed immediately.

Задание 5.  Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 5, 6-й абзацы текста.

Unemployment

1. We say that unemployment exists where people capable and willing to work are unable to find suitable paid employment. But where an economy is adapting to changing conditions, there will always be some persons unemployed as they change jobs or as seasonal work comes to an end.

2. Unemployment may occur for many different reasons. There will always be some people changing jobs. In certain occupations, e.g. unskilled labour in the construction industry, workers are not employed regularly by one employer. When a contract is completed labour is not required. Occasionally workers are discharged when a factory is being reorganised.

3. Unemployed workers usually register at the local employment exchange from which employers can hire them. The unemployed are paid certain benefits.

4. Employment in some industries, e.g. building, fruit picking is seasonal in character. Seasonal employment can be reduced out of "season” and admit such persons as students and housewives during the busy period. Sometimes there are unemployed workers of a particular occupation in one part of the country but a shortage of the same type of work in other parts. Thus today there is a surplus of unskilled and manual labourers in the north of England, whereas firms in the London area have vacancies unfilled. Two main reasons can be suggested for this type of unemployment – ignorance of opportunities, and immobility of labour.

5. Workers may be in "between jobs”. Some of them are looking for better jobs, others are seeking better salaries. Young people search for their first jobs. This is called frictional unemployment ¹. This type is usually short-term and regarded as inevitable.

6. Unemployment may also be caused by important changes in the structure of consumer demand and in technology. As a result some workers find that their skills and experience are unwanted by these changes. This type of employment is more long-term and regarded as more serious. It is known as structural unemployment ².

7. The full-employment or natural rate of unemployment ranges between 5 and 6 percent.

Notes:

¹ frictional unemployment – фрикционная безработица

² structural unemployment – структурная безработица

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What types of unemployment can we distinguish?

2. What is the national rate of unemployment?

Вариант 2

Задание 1.  Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите предложения.

1. Considerable efforts are being made now to solve economic problems.

2. Traditionally changes in the price level have been explained by an excess of total demand. 

3. Our business in the Middle East was very badly influenced by the inflation.

4.  Rise of prices will be caused by the cost rise.

Задание 2. Запишите предложения. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в каждом предложении. Переведите предложения.

1. In order to exist mankind must constantly produce material values in ever-increasing quantities.

2. To go on with this business is to waste time.

3. The creditors of a bankrupt limited company have no right to pursue the owners for the company’s unpaid debts.

4. To decrease prices you should reduce the cost of the product.

Задание 3. Запишите предложения. Переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II.

1. Fruit growing in the south and sheep being reared in the north are traditional sources of employment in Great Britain.

2. Using the new equipment the company could raise its output.

3. Having reduced the cost of the product they managed to decrease the price of it.

4. Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper bills.

Задание  4.  Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия. Запишите предложения и подчеркните герундий в каждом из них.

1. I don’t think this product is worth advertising.

2. Coordinating the country’s monetary policy is one of the important functions of the central bank.

3. His having failed to manage the company surprised everybody.

4. He insisted on the decision being taken immediately.

Задание 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,4, 6. и 7-й абзацы текста.

Inflation

1. Prices of nearly all goods and services have moved in recent history. Inflation is the process of rising prices or, what is the same thing – a fall in the value of money. Each of us is becoming adjusted to inflation.

2. At the beginning a rising price level may not be considered dangerous. It improves the climate for investment, reduces payments of the National Debt.

3. The problem, however, is that when the rise in prices starts, it is difficult to stop it. Gradually the rate of inflation increases, it may lead to hyperinflation.

4. Inflation reduces the standard of living of persons dependent on fixed incomes, as pensioners. But on the other hand it is easier to pay debts. Not all the prices are rising. Even during rather rapid inflation some prices may be constant and others even fall.

5.  Inflation may occur for many different reasons. Traditionally changes in the price level have been explained by an excess of total demand. The essence of this kind of inflation may be expressed in the phrase "too much money chasing too few goods”.

6. In this case we see long queues of shoppers to make purchases. Stocks of goods available are less than the quantity of goods that the consumers are willing to buy. Besides, there are some black markets in which people buy things at prices much higher than they should be.

7. There are other factors causing inflation. There were some periods in our recent economic history when the price level rose despite low demand. Sometimes the cost of goods rises and this results in the rise of prices, or inflation. In this case the cost makes the price level higher.

8. Inflation can create serious difficulties for a country dependent on international trade, as Britain has discovered over the past thirty years. When the level of internal prices rises in comparison with prices of foreign traders, imports increase. Moreover, exports are discouraged.

Thus, it is important that the control of inflation should be given priority in government policy.

Задание 5.  Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. Does inflation mean that all prices are necessarily rising?

2. How does inflation influence the country dependent on international trade?

Контрольная работа №3

Для выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Причастие (Participle I и его сложные формы и Participle II) в функциях определения и обстоятельства (повторение).

2. Независимый причастный оборот. Правила его перевода.

3. Инфинитив. Формы и функции инфинитива в предложении (повторение).

4. Объектный инфинитивный оборот («сложное дополнение»).     

5. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот («сложное подлежащее»).

6. Сослагательное наклонение. Три типа условных предложений.                                                                                                                                                                                              

Вариант 1

Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите только те предложения, которые содержат независимый причастный оборот.

1. The manufacturer managed to improve the quality, the cost remaining the same.

2. Having increased production they expected better results.

3. Advertising serving an important function for business, it is sometimes called "the engine of prosperity”.

4. In advanced capitalist societies, advertising is a powerful instrument affecting demand in many markets.

5. The goods having been loaded, the dockworkers left the port.

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивные обороты.

1. When I saw you enter the building, I thought of you as a possible partner.

2.  I’d like you to buy common stock – it is safer.

3.  The developing and relatively poor countries are said to make up the Third World.

4.  A small firm is likely to be specializing in one product.

5.  Since that time the market share of these larger companies does not seem to have increased.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на тип условных придаточных предложений.

1. If the investor paid the ten percent commission, the broker would work harder..

2. If the limited company fails, you will only lose the value of your shares.

3. If they had signed the contract last month, the goods would have been delivered now.

Задание 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите письменно 1, 2, 4 и 6-ой абзацы текста.

Retailing

1. The retailer performs the last stage of the production process for it is he who puts the goods in the hands of the actual customers. His work is "to have the right goods in the right place at the right time”. There are four types of retail institutions: 1) specialty stores, 2) supermarkets, 3) general merchandise stores, 4) non-store retailing.

2. Often specialty stores sell one type of product, such as clothing, jewelry, furniture, books. These stores having a better feeling of their market, they compete against giant department stores. They can adjust more quickly to market conditions.

3. Big supermarkets are usually well located. All the goods are arranged on trays and shelves. All the prices are clearly marked. The goods are ready-weighed and beautifully packed. There you can find everything you need. The prices are reasonable.

4. General merchandise stores (GMS) carry a wide variety of products. There are three types of GMS: a) department stores, b) discount stores, c) hypermarkets. Big department stores started in America more than 50 years ago, and then the idea was brought to European countries. These stores are wonderful places. People can do all their shopping under one roof. All the things for

sale are displayed so that they can be easily seen, and the customers walk around and choose what they want.

5. The store is divided into departments: women’s clothes, men’s clothes, shoes, toys, sports goods, china and glass etc. There may be a restaurant with an orchestra and sometimes a tea-room as well. You will also find a room where you can rest if you are tired. There’s an office where you can book seats for the theatre or arrange to travel anywhere in the world.

6. Low price is the major attraction of the discount stores. These stores sell the most popular items, colors and sizes. The stores keep long hours and usually open on Sundays. Hypermarket is a type of discount store that was developed in Germany. They are very large stores with low-price and high-turnover products. Hypermarkets achieve cost savings by simplifying their unpacking and display.

7. There are three major types of non-store retailing: a) vending machines b) door-to-door sales, and c) catalogue sales.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What are the advantages of big department stores?

2. What do supermarkets sell?

3. What are the three major types of non-store retailing?

Вариант 2

Задание 1.  Перепишите и переведите только те предложения, которые содержат независимый причастный оборот.                                                                

1. Wholesaling performs many functions, contacting product consumers and stimulating demand being the most important ones.

2. The principle of action being rather simple, the new device was widely used for different purposes.

3. Having been filled out the forms were handed in to the secretary.

4. In addition, the University will continue to have graduate students working with them on research projects.

5. All the problems having been solved, they signed the contract.

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивные обороты.

1. The company was reported to have made big losses the previous year.

2. Some of the major investors wanted the bank to pay a higher interest rate.

3. Mobile phone appears to be the most universal means of communication.

4. I heard somebody mention his name at the last meeting.

5. He is unlikely to offer the lowest price and the most favourable terms.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод условных придаточных предложений в зависимости от типа условных предложений.

1. If I were a wholesaler, I would start with arranging contacts between manufacturers and retailers.

2. If the bank gives you a loan, you will pay interest on it.

3. If the bank had issued its letter of credit in time, we would have received our money last week.

Задание 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите письменно 1, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста.

Wholesaling

1. Wholesalers are the institutions which stand between the manufacturer and the retailer. The wholesaler buys goods in bulk from producers and sells them in small quantities to retailers. In doing so he helps the production process. If you had an intention to be a successful manufacturer, you would make high quality products at a reasonable price for selected markets. If you intended to be a wholesaler, you would learn how to serve the market.

2. Wholesaler economizes the distribution. The most important function of a wholesaler is to contact manufacturers and potential customers. Thus in Fig. 1 nine contacts and deliveries are necessary if three firms supply directly three retailers, whereas in Fig. 2 each producer deals only with a wholesaler, reducing the total number of transactions to six.

 

3. Wholesalers are used for information and advice. Suggestions which customers make to their retailer are passed to the wholesaler who conveys them to the manufacturer. Thus the latter can improve his product.

4. The wholesaler keeps stocks. Shoppers like to obtain goods immediately. This requires stocks. Often, however, neither the producer nor the retailer has extensive storage facilities and responsibility falls on the wholesaler.

5. Moreover he arranges imports from abroad. Foreign manufacturers can rarely bother to ship small parcels to individual retailers abroad. They prefer to deal with a wholesaler, an import merchant with established trade connections.

6. Wholesalers may be classified into three groups: manufacturer – owned operations, merchant wholesalers and merchandise agents and brokers. Manufacturers can establish their own wholesaling office or branch, the latter providing more services to its customers. Depending on the industry or geographical location merchant wholesalers are called distributors, jobbers, or dealers. Among merchandise agents there are selling agents, brokers, commission agents and action companies. They are all compensated by either a commission or a brokerage fee.

Задание 5.    Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What role does the wholesaler play in the economy?

2. Would it be better without wholesalers? Explain.



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