Варианты контрольного задания № 1

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Small groups of Indians lived scattered over the land between the Atlantic and the Pacific.

2) The country is governed in the Queen’s name by the Government.

3) The House of Commons, which plays the major part in lawmaking consists of 635 elected members of Parliament.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) In 1971 there was a reform of the British money system.

2) In everyday speech, the contraction “p” (pronounced [pi:]) is generally used instead of the full word “pence”.

3) Just over 700,000 farm workers provide over half the food needed by some 55.5 million people.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) The London Marathon (марафон) is one of the biggest in the world.

2) The air in cities became much cleaner.

3) The more we know the more we forget.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1) More newspapers are read in Britain than in any other European country.

2) Some of Britain’s top scientists are engaged in space research.

3) There are no letters for you on the table.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) The leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister.

2) British Prime Ministers lived and live at 10 Downing street since 1731.

3) According to the Department of Transport, traffic on all roads will double during the next 30 years.

6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-7 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 абзацы.

THE UNITED KINGDOM

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four main countries which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The UK is an island state, it is composed of some 5500 islands, large and small.

2. The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries. It is situated off the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the North Sea to the east, and is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover¹.

3. One can see two animals on British royal coat of arms. One of them is the lion. The “King of beast” has been used as a symbol of national strength and of the British monarchy for many centuries. The other one is the unicorn². It is a mythical animal that looks a horse with a long straight horn growing from its forehead, and is a symbol of purity.

4. The formal name of the British national flag is Union Jack. It combines the St. George’s cross of England, St. Andrew’s cross of Scotland and St. Patrick’s cross of Ireland. The United Kingdom or UK is a political term. All of four countries are represented in Parliament and the abbreviation UK is used on most official documents.

5. The class system is very impotant in Britain. It is created by complex system of accents³, school and family. Social position is often based on the traditions or history of the family, not is money. Many people’s class can be identified immediately by the way they speak.

6. Britain is split up into counties. County councils are elected to run things⁴, such as education, housing, town planning, rubbish disposal⁵.

7. Britain is a constitutional monarchy. But the monarch’s constitutional role is mainly symbolic.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Дуврский пролив

2. единорог

3. говор

4. управлять делами

5. уборка мусора

7. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

What created class system in Britain?

1) The way people speak created the class system.

2) Class system was created by traditions and the way people speak.

3) Complex system of accents, school and family created class system.

Вариант 2

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Very often parents treat their children more as equals than they used to.

2) The House of Commons consists of members of Parliament.

3) Numbers make the postman’s work much easier.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Most children at day schools have their midday meal at school and go home about 4 o’clock.

2) In 1958 Britain began the first transatlantic jet service.

3) There is a National Youth Theatre with a high standard of performance, most of its actors are teenagers.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) Today Britain is the world’s biggest exporter of cycles.

2) Although Britain is a highly industrialized country, agriculture is still one of her most important industries.

3) More than 55 million people live in Britain now.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1) In some areas there are middle schools for children of about 9 to 13 who then move to senior (выпускной, старший, последний) comprehensive schools.

2) Do you know any names of Britain’s famous writers, poets, musicians, actors and singers?

3) “There is no place like home” – the English say.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) The English are a nation of stay-at-home.

2) The Greeks were pioneers in the theatre.

3) The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly.

6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-3 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.

WHO ARE THE BRITISH

1. Most people are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities. But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. In 1991 5.5 per cent of the 57 million population described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority. Most members of ethnic minorities live in the South – East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent of the population.

2. People have been coming to Britain for centuries: some to get a better life, some to escape natural disasters, some as political or religious refugees. Many Irish people came to England in 1845 to escape famine¹, but usually they came to find work. Most of the roads, railways and canals built in the nineteenth century were made by Irish workers.

3. The greatest wave of immigration was in the 1950’s and 1960’s. This happened not only in Britain but also throughout Western Europe. Many companies needed people for unskilled or semi–skilled jobs. Britain advertised² particularly in the English – speaking islands of the Caribbean, for² people to come to Britain and work. Other people came from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong.

4. The number of people asking to settle in Britain is rising, but Britain, since 1971, has reduced the number of people (coming from outside Europe) which it allows to stay. Many people in Britain, in spite of anti – racist – laws, blame unemployment and poor housing³ on “immigrants”.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. зд. – не умереть с голода

2. зд. – приглашать через рекламу

3. зд. – плохое жилье

7. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why has Britain reduced the number of people coming from outside Europe which it allows to stay?

1) … because of unemployment.

2) … because of unemployment and poor housing.

Вариант 3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) The rooms upstairs are bedrooms; they are often very small.

2) The front door, which faces the street opens into a hall with two rooms, one on each side of the hall.

3) The British people are the world’s greatest tea drinkers.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Motorcar manufactures, for example, advertise the colour of their cars as “Embassy Black” or “Balmoral Stone”.

2) Most people in Britain work a five-day week, from Monday to Friday.

3) England is the land of brick fences and stone walls (often with glass embedded along the top).

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) The traditional opinion about the British, or the English in earlier centuries, was based on the habits of those Britons who could afford to travel, the diplomats and merchants.

2) The British look on foreigners in general with contempt and think that nothing is as well done elsewhere as in their own country.

3) Much leisure time is spent in individualistic pursuits (занятие), of which the most popular is gardening.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1) Why do some British people tend to regard their own community as the centre of the world?

2) Many British people give their suburban house a name, such as the Cedars, the Poplars,even though there are no trees in their gardens.

3) Englishmen are hostile, or at least bored, when they hear any suggestion that some modification of their habits might be to their advantage.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) Snobbery is not so common in England today as it was at the beginning of the century.

2) In 1963 Britain joined the Common Market.

3) To most people the name of Scotland Yard brings to mind the picture of a detectivecool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal with complete confidence that he will bring him to justice.

6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите их.

BRITISH HOMES

1. About 80 per cent of British people live in houses built close together. Detached houses are usually in expensive suburbs, quite far from the town centre. Terraced houses and blocks of flats are mostly found in town centers. They can either be very small two-storey houses with one or two bedrooms or large houses with three or five floors and four or five bedrooms.

2. About 67 per cent of people in Britain own their houses or flats. Most of the rest live in rented accommodation. People in Britain buy houses or flats because there is not enough rented accommodation and what there is can be expensive.

3. Council flats¹ and houses are built and owned by the local council. After the Second World War a lot of council flats, known as tower blocks, were constructed. Some were as high as 20 storeys and so badly built that they had to be pulled down only thirty years later.

4. Modern housing estates² are built differently now. There might be a mixture of two-storey terraced houses together with a four-storey block of flats. There are play areas for children and there is often a community centre³ where people who live on the estate can meet.

5. Since 1980’s council tenants have been able⁴ to buy their own homes very cheaply if they have lived in them for over two years. By 1993, 1,5 million council houses had been sold, but only 5000 council houses or flats were built to replace them. This means that it is now very difficult to find cheap housing or rent.

6. Most British houses have a garden and many British people spend a lot of time in it. Most gardens, even small ones, have flowers and a lawn. If you don’t have a garden, it is possible to grow flowers and vegetables on at allotment⁵ which is a piece of land rented from the local council.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. муниципальное жилье

2. микрорайон

3. центр общения

4. зд. – жители могут

5. зд. – участок

7. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

Where can British people grow flowers if they have no gardens?

Вариант 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Many outstanding statesmen, painters, writers and poets are buried in the Abbey.

2) Many visitors to the Abbey are attracted to Poets’ Corner.

3) The street called Whitehall stretches from Parliament Square to Trafalgar Square.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben.

2) An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1938.

3) The popular nickname of the London policeman “bobby” is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel, who introduced the police force in 1829, and whose Christian name attached itself to members of the force.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) Most museums of London are free and give free guided tours as well as lectures.

2) Some cinemas are cheaper on Mondays; others sell half-price tickets before 6 p.m.

3) The Cutty Sark¹ at the village of Greenwich on the River Thames is the most famous tea clipper in Britain.

Пояснения:

The Cutty Sark – Катти Сарк – последний из больших чайных клиперов, стоит в Гринвиче в сухом доке, открыт для публики как музей.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1) Some people think that the monarchy should be abolished.

2) The monarchy in Britain has no power and it costs the State a lot of money to maintain.

3) Can you give any examples borrowed from books and films characterizing the British people?

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) Everybody knows about the devotion of the English to animals.

2) You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were.

3) During the nineteenth century Britain traded all over the world.

6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1,2,3,4,6 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,3 абзацы.

LONDON

1. London is where the invading Romans first crossed the River Thames. They built a city a square mile in size, surrounded it with a wall and called it Londinium. This original site of London is now called the City of London¹ and is Britain’s main financial centre.

2. The City is only a very small part of London. In the eleventh century London began to expand beyond the City walls when King Edward the Confessor² built a huge abbey at Westminster. Even today, Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament, as well as the shops, cafes, theatres and cinemas of the West End, are in the City of Westminster and not in the City of London.

3. The saying “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life” (Dr. Johnson) is a cliche, but you can’t be bored³ in London. There are hundreds of historic buildings, galleries and museums. There are parks and street markets, over 80 theatres and even more cinemas.

4. If you want to discover London, it is best to start with a tour on a sightseeing bus. It is also fun to go on a guided walk. The walks last up to three hours.

5. The centre of London has many different areas. Each one has its own special character. Covent Garden⁴ in London West End, is crowded with cafes, clubs and clothes shops. Soho⁴ is also known for its clubs. Knightsbridge⁴ has a lot of exclusive and expensive shops, as well as many of the embassies. Fleet Street⁴ is the home of Law Courts. One part of the West End has so many Chinese shops and restaurants that is called Chinatown.

6. When you go outside the centre you find many areas which used to be small villages. The villages became part of the city when they expanded but they still managed to keep their village character. Hampstead⁴, the best known of the villages, is extremely expensive.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Сити

2. король Эдвард

3. зд. – не заскучаешь

4. названия

7. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What is called Chinatown?

Вариант 5

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) The ceremony of the Changing of the Guard that takes place daily at eleven o’clock in the morning provokes most interest among tourists.

2) The two principal public attractions of the Royal Academy are the famous series of Winter Exhibitions and the annual Summer Exhibition.

3) The Queen’s Gallery has special exhibitions from the Royal collection and may be visited every day except Monday.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The men took hard and heavy jobs in industry, and the women took the low-paid jobs in factory canteens or restaurants.

2) The British government’s policy is that immigrants and their children should enjoy equality of opportunity in every possible way.

3) The remarkable collection of “Holmesiana₂” to be seen includes revolvers, handcuffs, a police lantern, a model of han some-cab and some 19-th-century cartoons.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1) Hyde Park has a large and most attractive lake called the Serpentine.

2) Street – salesmen promise that the goods are of the highest quality and much cheaper than those you can buy in the West End.

3) Immigrants hoped to find a better way of life in Britain.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1) The British say that once upon a time people in England kept to any side of the road they liked.

2) There are no trams in London since 1952.

3) Some have had to leave their country for religious or political reasons.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) The East End markets are famous throughout the world.

2) Yet, many people still discriminate against immigrants and their children because of the colour of their skin.

3) The Royal Academy’s services to the arts began nearly 200 years ago.

6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 4 абзацы. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 абзацы.

STRATFORD – UPON – AVON

1. No town of comparable size enjoys such universal popularity as Stratford-upon-Avon, the birth-place of William Shakespeare. Year by year the fame of its long established Shakespeare Festival spreads as increasing numbers of visitors from all parts of the world come to enjoy the plays of the greatest dramatist of all time.

2. Originating as a river – crossing settlement, Stratford-upon-Avon has served as the market centre of the surrounding countryside since the grant of its market in 1196. Since 1553 Stratford has remained a self- governing borough and today has a basic population of some fifteen thousand people.

3. Stratford is a town with a character and atmosphere of its own. Apart from the beauty of its river, its streets and buildings preserve many links with its interesting past. Most famous are the properties and gardens associated with Shakespeare and his family.

4. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre is the centre of the Shakespeare Festival. The brick-built theatre was erected in 1932 to replace an earlier theatre destroyed by fire. It is without doubt one of the best equipped theatres and its Shakespearean productions attract an international audience.

5. The House where Shakespeare was born in 1564 and spent his early years is a half-timbered building. It is visited by pilgrims from all over the world. The interior of Shakespeare’s Birthplace contains many features of unusual interest. The poet’s birthroom on the first floor is a fascinating room with a low, uneven ceiling and is furnished after the pattern of a middle-class home such as the Shakespeare family occupied. It is the famous window on which are recorded the signatures of distinguished people who visited the house.

7. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is Shakespeare’s house?

1) It is middle-class home.

2) It is a half-timbered building.

3) It is a house with low, uneven ceiling.

Варианты контрольного задания № 2

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

a) 1. Britain in the 1980s and early 1990s, had a large road building programme.

2. It is not surprising that the car is becoming increasingly popular.

б) 1. Trams were first used in London in 1861, but they were all replaced by bus after 1945.

2. Britain, because it is an island, has always been forced to have good trading relations with other countries.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Being the busiest stretches of water in the world, the English Channel is the busiest passenger terminal in Europe.

2) Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey.

3) The Houses of Parliament constitute perhaps the most popular and widely spread image of London, known and recognized throughout the whole world.

4) When the great bell was cast in London foundry in 1858, the question of its name was discussed in Parliament.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university.

2) In Britain you can learn to drive a car by taking lesson with an instructor or any experienced driver.

3) British films have to use American actors to appeal to the American cinema-going audience.

4) The Houses of Parliament can be visited by the public.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1 по 4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 и 4 абзацы.

THE LONDON UNDERGROUND

1. The first underground railway system in the world was in London. It was opened in 1863 and ran 4 miles (6,5 kilometers) from the west of London to the City in the east. The first lines were built close to the surface and used steam trains. They then built deeper tunnels and the electric underground railway was opened in 1890. This system was called the Tube, still the most popular name for the London Underground. Some of the tube stations are so deep that they were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War, when hundreds of families would spend the night in the stations.

2. One million people commute into central London every day. Sixty percent of these people use the Tube, mainly because the Underground system extends far into the surburbs: the Northern Line, running from north to south, covers 18 miles (28 kilometers); the Piccadilly Line, running from east to west is 47 miles (76 kilometers) long.

3. Buses in London are not as popular as the Tube because they get stuck in traffic. One of the most popular forms of urban transport in Britain used to be the tram. The most environmentally friendly vehicle is a bicycle. London taxis drive round the centre of the city looking for a customer. Taxis are often called «cab».

4. Traditional taxi-drivers or cabbies, are proud of the knowledge of London. They have to know every street in the 113 square miles of central London and spend up to four years learning the best routes. To get their licence, they have to pass a series of tests, known as The Knowledge, until they are absolutely accurate in their answers. Because of this long training period, cabbies are often angry that people can drive minicabs without a licence. Minicabs look like normal cars, do not have meters and cannot pick up people in the street: people have to phone for one.

5. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is the Knowledge?

1) … the long training period.

2) … a licence.

3) … a series of tests.

Вариант 2

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

a) 1. Even today Tower Bridge regulates a large part of impressive traffic of the Port of London.

2. Since then the Tower has served as fortress, palace, state prison and royal treasury, now it is a museum.

б) 1. Many great men, including Christopher Wren himself, Nelson and others are buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

2. For an Englishman, the best of all reasons for doing something in a certain way is that it has always been done in that way.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The first London Underground map was introduced in 1908.

2) English people rarely shake hands except when being introduced to someone for the first time.

3) The working people of Britain have had a long tradition of democracy.

4) The majority of the British population live in small houses built close together.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) What role can museums and art galleries play in the upbringing of children?

2) You have to be seventeen before you can drive a car.

3) We may say that the East End is the hands of London.

4) One must be very careful using the word “subway” in London.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1 по 4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4 и 5 абзацы.

TRAINS

1. Many people in Britain live in a long way from their work. They often travel by train from the suburbs into the town centre to work. These people are commuters. Some people travel more than 200 miles every day and spend up to two hours going to work and two hours going home.

2. Train tickets may appear to be expensive, but this form of transport is a fast and environmentally friendly alternative to using a car. On some trains, there are study clubs which offer language lessons to commuters on their way to and from work.

3. The organization of the railway system in Britain has changed recently. For many years the railway was run¹ by a public company, British Rail. In 1944, this company was split into two parts: Railtrack, which owns the track and the stations, and several private companies, which operate the trains.

4. Some people are worried about the change. They believe that private companies will only run one or two trains a day to small country villages or that they will close village stations.

5. In 1994, Waterloo International Station was opened. If you travel by train direct from Paris or Brussels to London, you arrive at this station. The station, designed by Nicholas Grimshaw, has won many architectural awards.

6. Train spotters² are fans of trains. You can see train spotters at many train stations. They stand at the end of the platform and spend hours writing down the numbers of the trains. Serious train spotters travel thousands of miles by train trying to collect the number of every train in Britain. Some train spotters prefer the old fashioned steam trains.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. зд. – вести дела

2. зд. – любители

6. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What are train spotters?

1) People supporting the development of railway system in Britain.

2) Train spotters are fans of trains.

3) People preferring the old fashioned steam trains only.

Вариант 3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

a) 1. The singing of the Latin hymn has gone on for more than 350 years.

2. Cambridge university is like a federation of colleges.

б) 1. University is seen as a time to be independent.

2. If, for instance, any one leaves a cat to starve in an empty house while he goes for his holiday, he can be sent to prison.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The lawns are closely cropped, their flower beds primly cultivated, and their trees neatly pruned.

2) The London buses first came into the streets in 1829 and they were horse-drawn omnibuses, with three horses.

3) The sign of the London underground - a red circle crossed with a blue stripe can be seen on the buildings or just under a staircase leading straight under the ground.

4) When running along London streets omnibuses manage to maneuver very well without running into one another.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) In London one can see many buses, cars and taxes in the streets.

2) You’ll have to find the bus stop yourself and remember to look for the number of the bus on the post at the bus stop.

3) You must remember the number of the bus, because in busy street there may be four or five bus stops close together.

4) Double-deckers (omnibuses) have seats for 65 people and only 5 people are allowed to stand when the seats are full.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1 по 5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 и 4 абзацы.

 HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

1. Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. Here are 91 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education.

2. English universities greatly differ from each other. Students apply¹ to universities month before they take their A-levels². The students are given a personal interview³ and the universities then decide which students they want. They offer them a place which depends on A-level results. The more popular the university, the higher the grades⁴ it will ask for.

3. Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their hometown: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests

4. British students do not have to pay to go to university, but do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant from the local educational authority⁵. If students do not get a grant, parents have to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socializing. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money. Students used to work⁶ during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs.

5. Not all students study full time at university or college. Many people combine their studies with work. Some companies release their staff for training⁷ one or two days a week or for two months a year. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities in Britain and they have the highest academic reputation.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. подавать заявление

2. экзамен на повышенном уровне по программе средней школы

3. собеседование

4. более высокий проходной бал

5. местный орган образования

6. работают

7. освобождают от работы для учебы

5. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is grant?

1) … money borrowed from the bank.

2) … money for rent, food, books, transport and etc.

3) … money have to pay to go to university.

Вариант 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

1. When Shakespeare became successful in London he bought the biggest house in Stratford.

2. Most London buses have a conductor, who will come round (зд. обойдет всех пассажиров) and collect fares.

б) 1. The main places the bus goes to are shown on the front of the bus.

2. Birmingham is surrounded by typically English countryside-quiet meadows and woodland, sleepy old-world villages, impressive castles and ancient churches.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The London underground is often called the tube, because it looks like a long, narrow and dimly lit tube, with its walls plastered with all kinds of advertisements

2) There are hundreds little fishing villages on the south-west coast.

3) The members of the groups that form the Opposition sit on the left, directly facing the Government benches.

4) The light above Big Ben at night and the flag during the day-time signal for the people of London that the members of Parliament, are watching over the nation’s interests.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) One dog can search a warehouse in ten minutes, whereas the same search would take six men an hour.

2) If you climb another 118 steps, you will be able to stand outside the dome and look over London.

3) English conservatism, on a national scale, may be illustrated by reference to the public attitude to the monarchy.

4) Fine buildings, theatres, museums and big shops can be found in the West End.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1 по 3 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3 абзацы.

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

1. The Open University was founded in 1964 by the Labor Government for those people, for some reason, had not a chance to enter any of the universities, especially those above normal student age. It takes both men and women at the age 21 and over. At the beginning of the 1990s some 150000 students followed the Open University courses.

2. No formal academic qualifications are necessary for entry to these courses, but the standards of its degrees are the same as those of other universities. The first course began in 1971, and in a decade the number of undergraduates reached 65,000. It’s a non-residential¹ university. In teaching the university uses a combination of television and radio broadcasts, correspondence courses and summer school, together with a network of viewing and listening centres².

3. Lecturers present their courses on one of the BBC’s television channels and by radio. They have also produced a whole library of short course-books, which anyone can buy at bookshops. Students write papers based on the courses and discuss them with tutors at meetings or by correspondence once a month.

4. Degrees are awarded on the basis of creadit³ gained by success at each stage of the course. Six credits are necessary for a BA degree⁴ and eight credits for a BA Honors degree. The time of staying on at the Open University is unlimited.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. без постоянного помещения

2. видео- и аудио центры

3. «успешно» – оценка за сданные экзамены

4. степень бакалавра

5. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What are degrees awarded on?

1) … because students write papers.

2) … because the time of staying on at the Open University is unlimited.

3) … on the basis of credits gained by success at each stage of the course.

Вариант 5

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

а) 1. The Science Museum houses the earliest English locomotive actually built (1784).

2. Cambridge University was exclusively for men until 1871.

б) 1. In the 1970s, most colleges of the Cambridge University opened their doors to both men and women, and almost all colleges now are mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal members of both sex.

2. The colleges are not connected with any particular study.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Every college is governed by a dean.

2) A college is a group of buildings forming a square with a green lawn in the centre.

3) Mary (queen) had been living quietly in Suffolk (Саффолк – графство) while England was governed by a group of Protestant nobles acting as regents for the boy king.

4) The dominating factor in Cambridge is its well-known University, a center of education and learning, closely connected with the life and thought of Great Britain.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) In order to enter the university, one must first apply to a college and become a member of the university through a college.

2) Students studying literature, for example, and those trained for physics may belong to one and the same college.

3) The fact is that one is to be a member of a college in order to be a member of the University.

4) There are many libraries at Cambridge, and in one of them among the earliest books by Shakespeare and other great writers one may see an early description of Russia by an Englishman on diplomatic service there (in 1591) and a Russian reading book of the 17-th century.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 3 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3 абзацы.

BIRMINGHAM

1. Long famous as an international business centre, Birmingham has developed into a modern and exciting city whose buildings and shops are second to none¹.

2. Buying and selling has been an important part of life in Birmingham for more than eight hundred years. In fact men used to sell their wives there as recently as the 18-th century! (In 1733 Samuel Whitehouse sold his wife to Thomas Griffiths in the market place for a little more than a pound!) Although neither husbands nor wives are for sale nowadays, Birmingham’s markets offer a large choice of other goods.

3. Each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the colourful rag market can be found. People used to² come to buy and sell old clothes (rags) but now there is a wide selection of modern fashions for everybody.

4. Years ago farmers used to sell their animals at the Bull Ring, but now it is one of the biggest open-air markets and shopping centers in the United Kingdom. People enjoy shopping there because it has modern shops, together with atmosphere of a traditional street market.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. непревзойденный

2. обычно; как правило

5. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why do people enjoy shopping in Birmingham?

1) … because they used to sell and buy their wives there.

2) … because they used to sell and buy rags and animals there.

3) … because it has modern shops, together with atmosphere of a traditional street market.