Задание на контрольную работу предлагается в 10 вариантах. Вариант определяется по последней цифре шифра, если шифр заканчивается на цифру «0», то выполняется 10 вариант.

Каждый вариант включает в себя текст и задания к нему. Выполнение первого и второго заданий требует общего понимания текста. Третье и четвертое задания требуют поиска определенной информации. Выполнение письменного перевода позволяет удостовериться в правильности понимания текста, а также способствует развитию навыка работы со словарем.  В шестом задании предлагается выполнить краткую аннотацию текста, составление которой помогает формированию таких умений, как обобщение изложенных фактов и выделение главного с исключением второстепенных деталей, фактов и повторяющейся информации.

Для снятия лексических трудностей в конце пособия представлен словарь-минимум, содержащий базовую терминологическую лексику по специальности.

Вариант 1

 Emergencies

 А . In order to be defined as an emergency, the incident should be one of the following:

- immediately threatening to life, health, property or environment;

- have already caused loss of life, health detriments, property damage or  environmental damage;

- have a high probability of escalating to cause immediate danger to life, health,  property or environment.

В. Many emergencies cause an immediate danger to the life of people involved. This can range from emergencies affecting a single person, such as the entire range of medical emergencies which include heart attacks, strokes and trauma, to incidents affecting large numbers of people such as natural disasters including hurricanes, floods or mudslides. Some emergencies are not immediately threatening to life, but might have serious implications for the continued health well-being of a person.

С. Other emergencies do not threaten any people, but do threaten people’s property. An example of this would be a fire in a warehouse which has been evacuated. The situation is treated as an emergency as the fire may spread to other buildings, or may cause sufficient damage to make the business unable to continue (affecting livelihood of the employees). Many agencies categorize property emergency as the lowest priority, and may not take as many risks in dealing with it. For instance, firefighters are unlikely to enter the burning building which they know to be empty, as the risk is unjustified, whereas they are more likely to enter a building where people are reported as trapped.

D. Some emergencies do not immediately endanger life, health or property, but do affect the natural environment and creatures living within it. Not all agencies consider this to be a genuine emergency, but it can have far reaching effects on animals and the long-term condition of the land. Examples would include forest fires and marine oil spills.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) Many emergencies might have serious implications for the continued health well-being of a person.

b) Some emergencies do affect the natural environment and creatures living within it.

c) Some emergencies do not threaten any people, but do threaten people’s property.

d) Many emergencies cause an immediate danger to people’s life, health, property or environment.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным   б) ложным  в) в тексте нет информации:

1) Some emergencies can have far reaching effects on animals and the long-term condition of the land.

2) Firefighters are to enter the burning building even if they know it to be empty.

3) An incident that have a high probability of escalating to cause immediate danger to life, health, property or environment is called an emergency.

4) An incident affecting a single person, which include heart attacks, strokes and trauma cannot be called an emergency.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

What situation is treated as an emergency ?

a)    It is the incident immediately threatening to life, health, property or environment;

b)    It is the incident that can have far reaching effects on animals and the long-term condition of the land.

c)    It is the incident that does threaten people’s property.

d)    It is the incident that may cause sufficient damage to make the business unable to continue.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) Many agencies categorize property emergency as the lowest priority and do not take risks in dealing with it.

2) An emergency is an incident that have already caused loss of life, health detriments, property damage or environmental damage.

5. Выполните письменный перевод абзаца С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений), 

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

    from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 2

Earthquake Rescue

А.  Earthquakes have confronted man since the day he first walked on the earth. Few things strike fear in our shared psyches as when the ground beneath our feet suddenly (and without warning) erupts into violent motion, raising mountains and flattening buildings in an instant. Fear of earthquakes is practically universal; shared by people from disparate cultures in different parts of the world.

В. For fire/rescue personnel who know better through hard experience and observation, one of the most disturbing factors about earthquakes is the general reaction of the public, the media, and even some emergency professionals who exclaim “miracle” every time people survive after being trapped for several days in collapsed buildings in the aftermath of disastrous earthquakes.

С. Naturally, the average person may see large buildings collapsed into pies of rubble, often with layers of floors pan caked down upon one another, and automatically assume that none could have survived. This is why the rescue of trapped victims from such buildings – sometimes many days later – is almost universally characterized as “miraculous”. The fact is most people don’t expect survivors after the first day.

D. But to the trained eye of firefighters and members of urban search and rescue teams, it should be assumed (until proven otherwise) that many collapsed buildings will be honeycombed with void spaces. Following the 1988 Armenia quake survivors were rescued after nine days. One man lived after being extracted with a broken ankle and dehydration following thirteen days of entrapment in a hotel collapsed by the 1992 Philippines quake.

Е. The lesson here is this: in the aftermath of a disastrous earthquake, decision-makers (including Incident Commanders, civil and military authorities, and politicians) should be cautioned against halting or delaying search and rescue operations until all void spaces have been checked, until the selective debris removal stage of collapse rescue has been completed, and until all hope of survival has passed.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) Earthquakes have confronted man since the day he first walked on the earth.

b) When the average person sees large buildings collapsed into pies of rubble, often with layers of floors pancaked down upon one another, he assumes that none could have survived. Fire/rescue professionals are certain that more people remained trapped alive in collapse buildings.

c) Emergency officials should be prepared to sustain non-stop search and rescue     operations until all hope locating viable victims has passed.

d) The rescue of trapped victims from buildings collapsed into pies of rubble is characterized as ‘miraculous’. 

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным   б) ложным  в) в тексте нет информации: 

1)    Firefighters and members of urban search and rescue teams expect survivors after the first day.

2)    Many collapsed buildings are honeycombed with void spaces.

3)    In order to facilitate the development of effective earthquake plans, it will be advantageous to possess a basic understanding of the local seismic hazards.

4)    Fear of earthquakes is shared by people in different parts of the world. 

3. Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос:

What is the lesson a person should learn about earthquakes ?

a) Fear of earthquakes is practically universal shared by people in different parts of the world.

b) The most disturbing factors about earthquakes is the general reaction of the public, the media and even some emergency professionals.

c) In the aftermath of a disastrous earthquake, decision-makers should continue search and rescue operations until all the means of help are exhausted and until all hope of survival has passed.

d) Many collapsed buildings are honeycombed with void spaces that permit people survive after being trapped for several days in collapsed buildings in the aftermath of disastrous earthquakes.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D, Е) соответствует следующая  информация:

a) Most people assume that none could have survived when large buildings collapsed into pies of rubble.

b)  There were some long-term survivals in collapsed buildings.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев D, Е.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений), 

    для этого используйте фразы типа:  ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

    from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 3

Search and Rescue Operations

А. The level of experience required to properly evaluate rescue opportunities and conduct effective search and rescuer in collapse disasters is a rare commodity.  In many cases, firefighters and other rescuers must squeeze through cracks and void spaces, crawling through the interior of collapsed buildings in order to positively determine whether victims are trapped. This is an extremely hazardous (but essential) duty.

В. During the void space search phase, well-trained and equipped firefighters and rescuers tunnel their way through the building using special tools, rope rescue, mining and tunneling, and structural stabilization methods. They use fibre-optic and Ground Penetrating Radar technology, special search cameras, extremely sensitive acoustic and vibration sensing instruments, search dogs, and direct visual and voice contact to locate victims trapped within void spaces created when the structure collapsed.

С. After all known survivable void spaces are searched, selective debris removal begins. During this phase, the rescuers work closely with heavy equipment operators, structural engineers, construction and demolition contractors, and others to take the building apart piece by piece, usually from top to bottom. As upper layer of the buildings are selectively peeled away like an onion, additional void space search operations are conducted in order to check newly accessible parts of the building for potential survivors.

D. In many cases (especially in large buildings), void space searches with selective debris removal (or combinations of both) should continue until the entire buildings has been dismantled and all possible survivors located and extracted. These operations are extremely dangerous because of the instability of damaged buildings, as well as the continuing aftershocks that accompany major earthquakes. Without proper training, equipment, and experience personnel conducting these operations can cause the building to collapse, killing rescuers and victims alike.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

а) In many cases void space searches with selective debris removal should continue until the entire buildings has been dismantled and all possible survivors located and extracted.

в) The level of experience required to properly evaluate rescue opportunities and conduct effective search and rescuer in collapse disasters is a rare commodity.  

с) Without proper training, equipment, and experience personnel conducting salvage operations can cause the building to collapse, killing rescuers and victims alike.

d) During the void space search phase very complicated search technologies are used.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным   б) ложным  в) в тексте нет информации:

1)    The rescuers take the building apart piece by piece after all known survivable void spaces are searched.

2)    Void space searches with selective debris removal are recommended to be ended after just a few days.

3)    Government should improve the manner by which resources are shared in the event of catastrophic earthquakes.

4)    In many cases, the continuing aftershocks accompany major earthquakes.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

What methods do firefighters and rescuers use to locate victims trapped within void spaces ?

a) Firefighters and rescuers use direct visual and voice contact.

b) Firefighters and rescuers use the help of heavy equipment operators and structural engineers.

c) Firefighters and rescuers use fibre-optic and Ground Penetrating Radar technology, special search cameras, extremely sensitive acoustic and vibration sensing instruments.

d) Firefighters and rescuers use mining, tunneling and structural stabilization methods.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) Space searches with selective debris removal are extremely dangerous because of the instability of damaged buildings.

2) Squeezing through cracks and void spaces, crawling through the interior of collapsed buildings in order to positively determine whether victims are trapped is an extremely hazardous but essential duty of firefighters and other rescuers.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев А, В.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 4

The September 11, 2001 in the United States of America

А. The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11 – pronounced “nine eleven”) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks by Islamic extremists on that date upon the United States of America. That morning, 19 terrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the World Trade Center in New York City, one plane into each tower, resulting in the collapse of both buildings. The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction.

В. Firefighters from the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) rushed to the World Trade Center minutes after the first plane struck the North Tower. The initial response by the FDNY was on rescue and evacuation of building occupants, which involved sending firefighters up to assist people that were trapped in elevators and elsewhere. Firefighters also were required to ensure all floors were completely evacuated.

С. Numerous staging areas setup near the World Trade Center, where responding fire units could report and get deployment instructions. However, many firefighters arrived at the World Trade Center without stopping at the staging areas. As the result, many chiefs could not keep track of the whereabouts of their units. The repeater system in the World Trade Center, which was required for portable radio signals to transmit reliably, was malfunctioning after the impact of the planes. As the result, firefighters were unable to report to commanders on their progress, and were unable to hear evacuation orders. When the South Tower collapsed, firefighters in the North Tower were not aware of exactly what had happened. The battalion chief in the North Tower immediately issued an order over the radio for firefighters in the tower to evacuate, but many did not hear the order, due to the faulty radios. 343 firefighters died in the collapse of the towers.

D. Within hours of the attack, a massive search and rescue operation was launched. Initially, only a handful of wounded people were found at the site, and in the weeks that followed it became evident that there were no survivors to be found. Rescue and recovery efforts took months to complete. It took several weeks to simply put out the fires burning in the rubble of the buildings, although there was smoldering and smoke for 99 days, before the fire was completely out. 

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The September 11, 2001 series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks by Islamic extremists in the United States of America showed utter incapability of the state to cope with such disasters.

b) A great number of the rescue personnel as well as the lack of it can be of no help when the coordinated terrorist attacks take place.

c) The US government should pay much more attention to the training of the rescuers and firefighters and to the organization and performance of search and rescue operations.

d) The most important function of the government of any country is the organization and performance of the country defense and maintenance of the national security.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным   б) ложным  в) в тексте нет информации:

1)    An incident command post was established in the lobby of the North Tower.

2)    Problems with radio communication caused commanders to lose contact with many of the firefighters who went to the buildings.

3)    A search and rescue operation took several months.

4)    All chiefs were able to keep track of the whereabouts of all their units.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

Why were firefighters unable to report to commanders on their progress, and were unable to hear evacuation orders during the search and rescue operation in the World Trade Center in New York City on the September 11, 2001 ?

a) Many firefighters arrived at the World Trade Center without stopping at the staging areas; as the result, many chiefs could not keep track of the whereabouts of their units.

b) The number of the firefighters from the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) was not sufficient to conduct search and rescue operation properly.

c) The repeater system in the World Trade Center, which was required for portable radio signals to transmit reliably, was malfunctioning after the impact of the planes.

d) The firefighters and rescuers got lost after the series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks by Islamic extremists.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая  информация:

1) Rescue and recovery efforts took several weeks to simply put out the fires burning in the rubble of the buildings.

2) Firefighters were unable to report to commanders on their progress, and were unable to hear evacuation orders because the repeater system was malfunctioning after the impact of the planes.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзаца С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 5

Civil Defense

А. The history of mankind is full of wars, disasters and catastrophes. The bigger the population of earth becomes, the more dangers we face and the more devastating are the consequences of those dangers. In the 20^th century there were more than 30 massive armed conflicts. Unfortunately, every year more and more civilians are continuing to be killed, becoming occasional victims of somebody else’s war. That’s why today the world needs civil defense more than anytime before: it can help protect lives of civilians throughout the globe.

В. Organization and performance of the civil defense is one of the most significant functions of a state and constitutes an integral part of the country defenses and maintenance of the national security. The civil defense in today’s Russia constitutes a system of the population protection equally effective under conditions of both peace and war.

С. The civil defense objective is to ensure protection of each citizen of Russia in case if a crisis situation arises. The forces of civil defense and non-organic emergency rescue units are intended to protect the country’s population. Evacuation of the population, issues of life support for the people trapped in an emergency zone, restoration of facilities and utility services, convoy of humanitarian aid cargoes, preservation of cultural heritage – these are just some of the missions under the responsibility of the forces of civil defense.

D. For the efficient operation of all civil defense bodies, a stable administrative arrangement will be required. Presently, the process of formation of the All-Russia integrated system of population informing in places of people massive concentration is designed for ensuring the population readiness to act in situations of natural disasters and technological accidents and in case of acts terrorism, as well as for a prompt informing and warning.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The civil defense in today’s Russia constitutes a system of the population protection equally effective under conditions of both peace and war.

b) Organization and performance of the civil defense is one of the most significant functions of a state and constitutes an integral part of the country defenses and maintenance of the national security.

c) The bigger the population of earth becomes, the more dangers we face and the more devastating are the consequences of those dangers.

d) For the efficient operation of all civil defense bodies, a stable administrative     arrangement is required.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным   б) ложным  в) в тексте нет информации:

1)    A large-scale informative and practical work with the civilian population makes it possible to save numerous human lives.

2)    The Government of the Russian Federation exercises overall leadership over the civil defense.

3)    The civil defense in today’s Russia constitutes a system of the population protection under conditions of war.

4)    The key components of a stable administrative arrangement are the systems of warning and communications in places of people massive concentration.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

Why is organization and performance of the civil defense one of the most significant functions of any state ?

a) Because the bigger the population of earth becomes, the more dangers we face and the more devastating are the consequences of those dangers.

b) Because it is an integral part of the country defenses and maintenance of the national security.

c) Because maintenance of peace and ensuring security of the civilian population greatly depends upon joint efforts of all countries.

d) Because it is designed for ensuring the population readiness to act in situations of natural disasters and technological accidents and in case of acts terrorism.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) One of the most significant functions of any state is organization and performance of the civil defense that constitutes an integral part of the country defenses and maintenance of the national security.

2) To properly act in situations of natural disasters and technological accidents and to ensure the population readiness for such behavior the formation of the All-Russia integrated system of population informing in places of people massive concentration is designed.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев  В, С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 6

Psychological Service

А. Any emergency is a tremendous pain to the people and an extreme exertion to rescuers, firefighters, and medics, which are on stand-by duty round the clock and always ready to search through debris, to fight fires, to rescue people – with no sleep or respite. Capability of the human body are far away from being unlimited – a time comes when these people need attention – medical, psychological. The EMERCOM Center for Urgent Psychological Help has its duty to help people to overcome the miseries they have been facing, and to help the rescuers, who feel someone’s pain as their own, to remain in working condition both at a rescue operation and when on standby duty in anticipation of a new calamity.

В. The psychological service is based on the concept of ensuring support to professional activities of the personnel of EMERCOM of Russia. It envisages the implementation of systematic measures related to identification and development of professional skills, adaptation to the chosen occupation, prevention, forecast, and correction of aftermath of the stress state that the personnel of EMERCOM of Russia might be under effect of.

С. Rendering an urgent psychological service to the people suffering in an emergency zone is one of the key areas of the Center activities. The psychological aid personnel have more often than once taken part in the psychological support rendered in the course of salvage and rescue operations, have assisted the injured and their relatives.

D. The Center experts conduct active scientific and research works; cooperate with science and education institution. For the purposes of rehabilitation measures, there are unique pieces of equipment. The development of the psychological service of EMERCOM of Russia is in improving the regulatory and legal framework, the existing system of training, diagnostics, and medical-and-psychological adjustment, as well as in introduction of scientific methods into psychological work.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The development of the psychological service of EMERCOM of Russia is in improving the existing system of training, diagnostics, and medical-and-psychological adjustment.

b) The psychological service is based on the concept of ensuring support to professional activities of the personnel of EMERCOM of Russia.

c) The EMERCOM Center for Urgent Psychological Help has its duty to help people to overcome the miseries they have been facing, and to help the rescuers to remain in working condition

d) Rendering an urgent psychological service to the people suffering in an  emergency zone is one of the key areas of the Center activities.

2.    Определите, является ли утверждение (а) истинным, (б) ложным, (с) в тексте нет информации

1)    A great deal of the Center activities is allocated to science, research, and education work.

2)    The clinic sector of the main department includes the treatment and diagnostics units and consulting rooms capable to render medical help to patients of different categories.

3)    Capabilities of the human body are unlimited at a rescue operation.

4)    The psychological service helps people to overcome the miseries they had been facing.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

What is the main duty of the EMERCOM Center for Urgent Psychological Help ?

a) It is training of the rescuers.

b) It is to help the rescuers to remain in working condition.

c) It is introduction of scientific methods into psychological work.

d) It is psychological support of the injured and their relatives.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая  информация:

1) The development of the psychological service of EMERCOM of Russia is in improving the existing system of training, diagnostics, and medical-and-psychological adjustment.

2) One of the key areas of the EMERCOM Center for Urgent Psychological Help activities is rendering an urgent psychological service to the people suffering in an emergency zone.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев В, С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 7

The Great Chicago Fire

А. On the municipal flag of Chicago, the second star commemorates the Great Chicago Fire – a conflagration that burned from Sunday October 8 to early Tuesday October 10, 1871, killing hundreds and destroying about four square miles in Chicago, Illinois. Though the fire was one of the largest U.S. disasters of the 19th century, the rebuilding that began almost immediately spurred Chicago's development into one of the most populous and economically important American cities.

В. Besides the fact that the Great Chicago Fire started at 8:30 on Sunday evening, somewhere in or very near the O’Leary barn, the exact particulars of its origins are unknown. Chicago averaged about two fires a day the previous year, including twenty in the preceding week. The largest of these occurred just on Saturday night. Firemen still might have been able to contain the Sunday blaze but for a series of technological and human failures in the alarm system. The fire, driven by a strong wind out of the southwest, headed straight for the center of the city.  By 1:30 it reached the Courthouse tower, from which the watchman barely escaped through the burning stairway by sliding down the banisters. By 3 a.m., it had consumed the Rumsey homes on Huron Street, and a half-hour later the roof collapsed on the pumping station, effectively rendering any firefighting efforts useless.

С. As the fire spread out of control, the mood of the population shifted from interest and concern to alarm and panic. Many heard the Courthouse bell and saw the red and amber flames in the distance but thought little of what was by this time a commonplace occurrence. But soon they realized that there was no place of guaranteed safety. It seemed as if the ground was itself on fire, which in fact it was, since the streets, sidewalks, and bridges were made of wood. Any hope of stopping the fire before it became out of control was lost. Tuesday morning a saving rain began to fall, and the flames finally died out, leaving Chicago a smoking, steaming ruin.

D. Devastated Chicago remained so hot that it took a day or two before it was possible even to begin a survey of the physical damage. One hundred thousand Chicagoans lost their homes, an uncounted number their places of work.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) One of the stars on the municipal flag of Chicago commemorates the Great Chicago Fire.

b) There was a great amount of wood in the city.

c) The fire was one of the largest U.S. disasters of the 19th century.

d) Due to the Fire Chicago is one of the most economically important cities of the USA.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение (а) истинным, (б) ложным, (с) в тексте нет информации

1) The fire started in the Courthouse that situated in the heart of the South Division’s central business district.

2) There were twenty fires in the preceding week in Chicago.

3) In spite of the great fire, part of the town, including heavy industry didn’t burn.

4) In pre-fire Chicago one could feel himself surrounded by wood.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

When is the fire supposed to start?

a) It occurred on Saturday night.

b) The fire started at 8:30 on Sunday evening.

c) October 10, 1871 was the day when the fire started.

d) The exact date of its beginning are unknown.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) The fire spread very fast inside and outside the buildings.

2) Many buildings had been destroyed, leaving the overwhelming majority of the area's population without a home.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев С, D.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 8

Unit 18 – San Francisco Earthquake Fire

А. San Francisco's great fire occurred as a result of a tremendous earthquake that took place in the morning of April 18, 1906. Fires began from stoves and lamps that were overturned from the earthquake. Although the earthquake was the primary cause of fires, a combination of things brought about their expansion. More than 30 gas lines were broken and caught fire during the quake and its aftershocks, but the spread of those contained fires is another matter entirely.

В. Fire Chief Dennis T. Sullivan died in the earthquake, leaving a group of firefighters leaderless and ripe to make decisions that only caused further harm. The earthquake had also damaged the water mains, virtually eliminating the ability of firefighters to put out the flames using traditional means. The fire lasted for three days and in an attempt to create a firebreak around the flames, firefighters used dynamite to destroy selected houses. Unfortunately, the result was only further damage and in most cases, the buildings destined to become part of the firebreak became enflamed themselves.

С. The death toll for the earthquake was set at approximately 3000, although many claim that 90 percent of the damage and destruction occurred in the fires. Covering 490 city blocks and destroying almost 25,000 city buildings and homes, the San Francisco earthquake fire was truly devastating. The army was called in to assist with the clean up and control of the city, and thousands of temporary homes were built for the displaced residents.

D. Rebuilding began almost immediately and was completed, for the most part, by 1915. Thanks to the tenacity of the residents, the armed forces, and the support of numerous entities around the world, San Francisco was truly able to “rise from the ashes,” as many claimed, and regain its place of thriving beauty.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The aftermath of a disastrous earthquake is truly devastating.

b) Erroneous decisions of firefighters caused further harm and damage.

c) After the quake 90 percent of the damage and destruction occurred in the fires.

d) San Francisco was truly able to “rise from the ashes”.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным,   б) ложным, с) в тексте нет информации:

1) A massive earthquake struck the coast of California, inflicting serious damage on the bustling city of San Francisco.

2) Many important scientific specimens were lost as laboratories went up in flames.

3) Broken and leaky gas lines were the primary cause of fires.

4) Firefighters decided to dynamite entire blocks to prevent the spread of the fire.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

What was the firefighters’ error?

a) There was only one fire company that started to fight the blaze.

b) Firefighters  put out the flames using only traditional means.

c) Firefighters used dynamite to destroy selected houses.

d) The army was not called in to assist with the clean up and control of the city.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) One of the biggest fires in history occurred on Wednesday, April 18, 1906 – the San Francisco earthquake fire.

2) This disaster took its toll, killing many people and destroying a lot of structures.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев А, С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений),

     для этого используйте фразы типа: ‘The title of the text I am going to review   

     is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear

     from the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’, 

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 9

Nightclub Blaze Claims more than 100 Lives

А. The President of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev, has called for changes to legislation so that tougher criminal punishments can be imposed on those who fail to meet fire safety standards. The move comes after at least 112 people died in a nightclub blaze in the city of Perm in the Ural Mountains on 5 December.

В. The Russian government has set up a special commission to deal with the incident. As Fire Risk Management went to press, authorities in the country had arrested the two registered co-owners of the Lame Horse nightclub, as well as its managing director and two other suspects, as the incident investigation continues.

С. Reports suggest that the club’s management had ignored repeated demands from officials to change the interior of the building to comply with fire safety standards. Eyewitness reports – and amateur video footage taken inside at the time of the incident – indicate that an on-stage fireworks display accidentally ignited decorative willow twigs attached to the ceiling, causing flames and thick smoke to spread quickly through the club. The firework show was being held to mark the club’s eighth anniversary. Regional officials said fireworks used in the club were too big for closed premises and were intended for outdoor use.

D. Many of those who died were trapped in the crush as more than 200 people fought to escape the smoke and flames through one exit. Fire crews were on the scene in downtown Perm one minute after the alarm call was received. They extinguished the blaze in less than an hour. Some 130 people were airlifted to specialist burns units at hospitals in Moscow, St Petersburg and other cities, many in a critical condition.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The Russian government has set up a special commission to deal with the  incident.

b) Tougher criminal punishments can be imposed on those who fail to meet fire safety standards.

c)  Authorities in the country had arrested the two registered co-owners of the Lame Horse nightclub.

d) It is necessary to prohibit the using any fireworks.

2.    Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным,   б) ложным,  c) в тексте нет информации:

1)    The two registered co-owners of the Lame Horse nightclub have failed to meet fire safety standards and were arrested after the blaze in the club.

2)    The firework show was held every Saturday in the Lame Horse nightclub.

3)    More than 200 people fought to escape the smoke and flames through two emergency exits.

4)    Many people died because of the failing of fire safety standards.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

Why flames and thick smoke spread quickly through the club?

a)    There were too many people in the club.

b)    The interior of the building did not comply with fire safety standards.

c)    The fire began from the ceiling.

d)    An adequate building inspection had not been performed.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая информация:

1) An on-stage fireworks display accidentally ignited the decoration of the ceiling.

2)Many people were injured during the fire.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод  абзацев В, С.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений,

    для этого используйте фразы типа ‘The title of the paper I am going to review

    is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear from

    the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’,

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.

Вариант 10

 Wildfires in Summer, 2010

А. In summer months forest fires present particular problems. While it is relatively easy to arrest their spread, it is very difficult to put them out and to contain them. The 2010 Russian wildfires were several hundred wildfires that broke out across Russia, primarily in the west, starting in the late July ,2010 due to the record temperatures (the hottest recorded summer in Russian history), and drought in the region. Firefighters, soldiers, volunteers and local residents have been trying to defend villages and towns to rescue local civilians.

В. Moscow in the Western part of Russia typically has summer temperatures that average 75 degrees Fahrenheit, but in summer, 2010 it has been very hot and very dry with temperatures as high as 100 degrees. More than 500 forest fires have filled the air with smoke and ignited underground peat-bog fires. The smoke has filled many buildings, and the State Historical Museum on Red Square was forced to close because it couldn't stop its smoke detectors from going off. The cloak of smoke turned the picturesque spires of St. Basil's Cathedral into gray outlines. The pedestrians that had to be outdoors had their faces hidden by surgical masks and water-soaked bandanas.

С. The heat and smoke in Moscow had nearly doubled the mortality rate those days. The health minister said that the daily death toll had risen from an average of between 360 and 380 to around 700. Ambulance called was up by about 25% because of increases in heart and lung ailments and strokes. Many residents were leaving the Moscow area temporarily to escape the polluted air.

D. Lack of fire tracks, professional fire brigades and equipment fires did not allow to fight against fires successfully. Only torrential rains gave much respite to the burning regions at the end of the country’s most severe heat wave ever recorded. That’s why the Central Department of EMERCOM of Russia pays special attention to the issues of organization fire suppression activities with the use of new, innovative technologies.

1. Определите основную идею текста:

a) The Earth's weather patterns are changing.

b) The hot weather conditions were the worst Russia had seen in at least 10 years.

c) Forest and peat fires were burning in the central part of Russia during summer of 2010.

d) Many people knowing about the harmful implications of smog were wearing proper respirators.

2. Определите, является ли утверждение   а) истинным,   б) ложным,  с) в тексте нет информации: 

1) People were inhaling the thick smog that blanketed Moscow and adjacent regions.

2) It is easy to put forest fires out.

3) Catastrophic development of forest fires were caused by extremely hot summer months.

4) Russia was the world's third-largest wheat exporter, but this year's severe drought has destroyed at least 20 percent of the harvest and the fires have burned many fields.

3. Выберите правильный  ответ на вопрос:

Why were many residents leaving Moscow in summer of 2010?

a) Many of Muscovites were affected by the worst floods.

b) Wildfires had burned grain fields and prices for wheat had been climbed since June as a result.

c) A heat wave in Russia has started forest fires and filled the air in Moscow with smoke.

d) Lack of fire tracks, professional fire brigades and equipment fires made people to escape.

4. Укажите, какой части текста (А, В, С, D) соответствует следующая  информация:

1) A heat wave in Russia filled the air in Moscow with smoke that has doubled the death rate from heart and lung ailments.

2) The situation was made worse by drought.

5. Сделайте письменный перевод абзацев А, D.

6. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста по-английски (4-5 предложений,

    для этого используйте фразы типа ‘The title of the paper I am going to review

    is …’, ‘The paper deals with common materials on the point of …’, ‘It is clear from

    the text …’, ‘A few words should be said about…’, ‘The  text also analyses…’,

    ‘In conclusion I’d like to mention that …’.